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<span id="openzim-page-title" class="mw-page-title-main"><span class="mw-page-title-main">SignWriting</span></span>

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</style><div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">For the signage profession, see <a href="Signwriter" title="Signwriter">Signwriter</a>.</div>

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</style><table class="infobox"><tbody><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-above" style="padding:0.25em; background:white;">SignWriting<br><div style="font-weight:normal"></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-image" style="padding-top:0.4em;padding-bottom:0.4em;"><span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"></span></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Script type</th><td class="infobox-data"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0; line-height:1.25em"> <a href="Iconicity" title="Iconicity">Iconic</a> <a href="Featural_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Featural script">featural script</a>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Period</div></th><td class="infobox-data">1974–present</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Direction</th><td class="infobox-data">Horizontal (left-to-right) or vertical (top-to-bottom)</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;">Languages</th><td class="infobox-data"><a href="American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign Language</a>, <a href="Danish_Sign_Language" title="Danish Sign Language">Danish Sign Language</a> and other <a href="Sign_language" title="Sign language">sign languages</a></td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd">ISO 15924</th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><a href="ISO_15924" title="ISO 15924">ISO 15924</a></th><td class="infobox-data"><style data-mw-deduplicate="TemplateStyles:r886049734">

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</style><span class="monospaced">Sgnw</span> <span class="monospaced">(095)</span>, SignWriting</td></tr><tr><th colspan="2" class="infobox-header" style="background:#ddd"><a href="Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;">Unicode alias</div></th><td class="infobox-data">SignWriting</td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:0.6em;"><div style="display: inline-block; line-height: 1.2em; padding: .1em 0;"><a href="Unicode_range" class="mw-redirect" title="Unicode range">Unicode range</a></div></th><td class="infobox-data"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D800.pdf">U+1D800–U+1DAAF</a></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="infobox-full-data"><div style="border-top:1px solid #aaa;text-align:left;"><p><span class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:2.4em;"><b>Website</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://signwriting.org">SignWriting.org</a></p><p><span class="infobox-label" style="padding-right:3em;"><b>Mobile</b></span> <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://m.signwriting.org">m.SignWriting.org</a></p></div></td></tr></tbody></table>

<p><b>Sutton SignWriting</b>, or simply <b>SignWriting,</b> is a <a href="Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing system</a> for <a href="Sign_language" title="Sign language">sign languages</a>. It can be used to write any sign language, including <a href="American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American Sign Language</a>, <a href="Brazilian_Sign_Language" title="Brazilian Sign Language">Brazilian Sign Language</a>, <a href="Tunisian_Sign_Language" title="Tunisian Sign Language">Tunisian Sign Language</a>, and many others.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>SignWriting is the only international writing system for sign languages.<sup id="cite_ref-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-2"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>2<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> It has been used to publish young adult fiction,<sup id="cite_ref-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-3"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>3<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> translate the Bible,<sup id="cite_ref-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-4"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>4<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> caption YouTube videos,<sup id="cite_ref-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-5"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>5<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> and study sign language literacy.<sup id="cite_ref-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-6"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>6<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The SignWriting system is visually iconic: its symbols depict the hands, face, and body of a signer. And unlike most writing systems, which are written linearly, the symbols of SignWriting are written two-dimensionally, to represent the <a href="Signing_space" title="Signing space">signing space</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-7"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>7<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>SignWriting was invented in 1974 by <a href="Valerie_Sutton" title="Valerie Sutton">Valerie Sutton</a>, a <a href="Ballet" title="Ballet">ballet</a> dancer who eight years earlier had developed a <a href="Dance_notation" title="Dance notation">dance notation</a> named <a href="DanceWriting" class="mw-redirect" title="DanceWriting">Sutton DanceWriting</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-8"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>8<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> The current standardized form of SignWriting is known as the <b>International Sign Writing Alphabet</b> (ISWA).<sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="History">History</h2></div>

<p>Sutton originally created SignWriting in <a href="Denmark" title="Denmark">Denmark</a> in the fall of 1974, at the request of professor <a href="https://de.wikipedia.org/wiki/Lars_von_der_Lieth" class="extiw external" title="de:Lars von der Lieth">Lars von der Lieth</a> and others on his research team in the Audiology Research Group at the <a href="University_of_Copenhagen" title="University of Copenhagen">University of Copenhagen</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-10" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-10"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>10<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Sutton was asked to work on a research project, transcribing the gestures made by Danish hearing and <a href="Deaf_culture" title="Deaf culture">Deaf</a> people while they speak or sign. The project, part of a dissertation by Jan Enggaard Pedersen, showed that <a href="Danish_Sign_Language" title="Danish Sign Language">Danish Sign Language</a> was a rich language, while the gestures of hearing people were unconnected with language.<sup id="cite_ref-11" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-11"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>11<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Sutton's experience transcribing Danish sign language inspired her to work with Deaf people worldwide, helping them to write their own sign languages. She named the new writing system “SignWriting”.<sup id="cite_ref-12" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-12"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>12<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>SignWriting has since been used to write the sign languages of 40 countries.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> However, it is not clear how widespread its use is in each country.

</p><p>Between 1986 and 1994 Sutton worked with a software developer to create <i>SignWriter</i>, a <a href="Word_processor" title="Word processor">word processor</a> for SignWriting which runs on <a href="MS-DOS" title="MS-DOS">MS-DOS</a> computers. SignWriter included an integrated sign dictionary, and support for multiple languages and countries.<sup id="cite_ref-13" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-13"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>13<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In 1996, Antonio Carlos da Rocha Costa, a professor at the <a href="Pontifical_Catholic_University_of_Rio_Grande_do_Sul" title="Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul">Pontifical Catholic University of Rio Grande do Sul</a> (PUCRS), discovered SignWriter and introduced it to his colleagues, beginning Brazil's institutional use of SignWriting.<sup id="cite_ref-14" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-14"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>14<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>

In 2001, SignWriting was used in a Brazilian Sign Language dictionary containing more than 9,500 signs, which was published by the <a href="University_of_S%C3%A3o_Paulo" title="University of São Paulo">University of São Paulo</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-15" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-15"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>15<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-16" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-16"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>16<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></p>

<p>In 2005, the Brazilian government issued Federal Decree 5626, which specified that Brazilian Sign Language be taught in universities and public schools, so it could serve as the primary language of instruction for Deaf students.<sup id="cite_ref-17" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-17"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>17<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>SignWriting is used to teach Brazilian Sign Language in 18 Federal Universities and 12 public schools in Brazil.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_18-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> In Germany, it is taught to deaf adults to improve their ability to read and write spoken German.<sup id="cite_ref-19" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-19"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>19<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup> There is also a German website dedicated to SignWriting.<sup id="cite_ref-20" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-20"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>20<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Symbols">Symbols</h2></div>

<p>SignWriting represents the positions and movements of your body. Because of this, the SignWriting symbols can be used to write any sign language, or even non-linguistic gestures.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>

</p><p>SignWriting has 652 symbols, which are grouped into seven symbol classes: hands; movement; dynamics; head and faces; body; punctuation; and detailed location.<sup id="cite_ref-22" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-22"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>22<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>

</p><p>SignWriting includes so many symbols because it is designed to work with all sign languages, not just a single language. For instance, SignWriting has 261 hand symbols, but American Sign Language uses only 83 of them.<sup id="cite_ref-23" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-23"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>23<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-24" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-24"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>24<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>SignWriting has ten basic hand symbols, with all the remaining hand symbols being variations on the basic symbols.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>

</p><p>The hand and movement symbols can be modified to show additional information:<sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

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<ul><li>Hand symbols can be filled in to show which direction the palm of the hand is facing.</li>

<li>Movement symbol arrowheads can be filled in to show which hand is performing the movement.</li></ul>

<p>

</p><p>For more information on the SignWriting symbols, see the <a href="https://archive.org/details/@signwriting_press" class="extiw external" title="iarchive:@signwriting press">standard SignWriting textbooks</a>.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Signs">Signs</h2></div>

<p>In SignWriting a <a href="Sign_language" title="Sign language">sign</a> is a group of symbols, arranged two-dimensionally to represent the gestures made by a person signing the sign.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>SignWriting has a number of rules for writing the symbols in a sign. These rules ensure that common patterns of gestures get written consistently across signs.<sup id="cite_ref-:2_25-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:2-25"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>25<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<p>Each written sign exists in a <i>sign box</i>, which is an invisible box just large enough to contain all the symbols in the sign. Just as a word consists of a line of letters, a sign consists of a box of symbols.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The size of a sign box is variable, and depends on the size and placement of the symbols in the box. This size can change when symbols are added to, deleted from, or moved within a sign.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Sign boxes are used by SignWriting software to align the signs that appear in a line of SignWriting text.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-4" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Writing_direction">Writing direction</h2></div>

<p>While SignWriting symbols are written two-dimensionally within each sign, the signs themselves are written in lines, either horizontally across the page in rows, or vertically down the page in columns.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-5" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>SignWriting text was originally written only horizontally. But after <a href="Deaf_culture" title="Deaf culture">Deaf</a> users reported that it felt more natural to write signs down the page, SignWriting was changed to conventionally write signs vertically.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>This change yielded two benefits. First, the midline used to align vertically-written signs mimics the center line of the depicted signer's body, making the signs easier to read. Second, writing signs vertically simplifies the representation of body-shifting in sign language.<sup id="cite_ref-:3_21-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:3-21"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>21<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Alphabetical_order">Alphabetical order</h2></div>

<p>SignWriting defines rules for how to sort signs in <a href="Alphabetical_order" title="Alphabetical order">alphabetical order</a>. But because the SignWriting alphabet contains so many symbols, and the symbols get arranged two-dimensionally within a sign, SignWriting's ordering rules are more complex than those of the Roman alphabet.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_26-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>SignWriting defines two sets of rules for alphabetical ordering: the <i>Sign Spelling Sequence</i>, and the <i>Sign Symbol Sequence</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:4_26-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:4-26"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>26<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <b>Sign Spelling Sequence</b> defines a linear order for the individual symbols in a sign. This order is specified manually by the sign author, and it remains with the sign as a non-visible attribute.<sup id="cite_ref-:5_27-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_28-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <b>Sign Symbol Sequence</b> defines a sort order for lists of signs that have already been assigned individual Sign Spelling Sequences. This order is determined by various symbol properties, and the sign sorting is performed automatically by software.<sup id="cite_ref-29" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-29"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>29<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:5_27-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:5-27"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>27<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:6_28-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Handwriting">Handwriting</h2></div>

<p>SignWriting was invented before personal computers, and for many years was written solely by hand. Various forms of hand-written SignWriting were created, including <i>Block Printing</i>, <i>Handwriting</i>, and <i>Cursive</i>.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_30-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>When handwriting in <b>Block Printing</b> form, each SignWriting symbol is drawn as it appears in the textbook. Of the various hand-written forms, Block Printing is the easiest to read, and the most difficult to write. This difficulty is why some people consider SignWriting to be a cumbersome writing system.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_30-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><b>Handwriting</b> form is similar to Block Printing, but has been simplified to be more easily written by hand. Once Block Printing has been mastered, the Handwriting form can be learned quickly. Note that this form varies among writers, just as handwriting does in other languages.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_30-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><b>Cursive</b> form further simplifies Handwriting form to make writing even faster, by omitting certain symbols (such as the non-dominant hand) from each written sign.<sup id="cite_ref-:7_30-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:7-30"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>30<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Hand-written SignWriting continues to be taught and used, especially in educational settings based on chalkboards and paper.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_31-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Software">Software</h2></div>

<p>While SignWriting can be written by hand, it is easier to use with software specifically designed for writing it.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_28-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><i>SignPuddle</i> and <i>SignMaker</i> are the standard software applications for using SignWriting. They work as <a href="Web_application" title="Web application">web applications</a> which run in a web browser.<sup id="cite_ref-:6_28-3" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:6-28"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>28<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.signbank.org/signpuddle/"><b>SignPuddle</b></a> is a document and dictionary editor for SignWriting. SignPuddle documents and dictionaries are stored in the <a href="Cloud_computing" title="Cloud computing">cloud</a>, and can be shared among SignPuddle users. Documents and dictionaries can be exported from SignPuddle as PDF files. Signs can be exported as graphics files.<sup id="cite_ref-32" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-32"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>32<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.signbank.org/signmaker.html"><b>SignMaker</b></a> is an editor for signs and dictionaries. Signs can be exported as graphics files, and dictionaries as text or JavaScript files. The SignMaker application can be downloaded to your computer and used locally without an internet connection.<sup id="cite_ref-33" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-33"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>33<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>In addition to these applications, a number of tools, fonts, and libraries are available for software developers who wish to create applications that work with SignWriting. For more information see the <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Development">Development</a> section in this article.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Unicode">Unicode</h2></div>

<div role="note" class="hatnote navigation-not-searchable">Main article: <a href="Sutton_SignWriting_(Unicode_block)" title="Sutton SignWriting (Unicode block)">Sutton SignWriting (Unicode block)</a></div>

<p><a href="Unicode" title="Unicode">Unicode</a> is a <a href="Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encoding</a> standard which was created so all of the world's writing systems could be used in any software application that supports the standard.<sup id="cite_ref-34" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-34"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>34<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D800.pdf">SignWriting symbol set</a> was added to the Unicode standard in 2015. The added symbols conform to the SignWriting ISWA standard.<sup id="cite_ref-35" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-35"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>35<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-:1_9-2" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:1-9"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>9<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>However, the Unicode support for SignWriting is incomplete, because when the SignWriting symbols were added to Unicode, the Unicode system itself was not also updated to support writing systems that arrange their symbols two-dimensionally, as SignWriting does.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_36-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>Because of this, SignWriting currently cannot be used in software that supports the Unicode standard, and existing SignWriting software uses an <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-slevinski-formal-signwriting">alternative standard</a> for encoding SignWriting symbols.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-6" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>A technical proposal has been submitted to the <a href="Unicode_Consortium" title="Unicode Consortium">Unicode Consortium</a>, detailing how to update the Unicode standard to fully support SignWriting.<sup id="cite_ref-37" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-37"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>37<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Advantages_and_disadvantages">Advantages and disadvantages</h2></div>

<p>SignWriting offers several advantages as a <a href="Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing system</a>:

</p>

<ul><li>It is simple enough to be learned and used by children.<sup id="cite_ref-:9_31-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:9-31"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>31<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>It is precise enough to be used by linguists as a <a href="Transcription_(linguistics)" title="Transcription (linguistics)">transcription system</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-38" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-38"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>38<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li>

<li>It can be used to write any sign language.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-7" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p>However, it has a few disadvantages as well:

</p>

<ul><li>It is harder to write than other writing systems, due to the large number of symbols, and the need to write them spatially. Using software simplifies writing, but entering signs into a computer is still slower than typing in other writing systems.<sup id="cite_ref-39" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-39"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>39<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<ul><li>It requires special software – because SignWriting is written spatially, it cannot be used in ordinary word processors and other applications that normally support multiple languages.<sup id="cite_ref-:10_36-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:10-36"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>36<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<ul><li>Lack of institutional support – Brazil is the only country where SignWriting is taught in public schools and universities as part of the official curriculum.<sup id="cite_ref-:8_18-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:8-18"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>18<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Research">Research</h2></div>

<p>SignWriting has served as both a tool in language research, and an object of study in educational research.

</p><p>Here is a partial list of PhD theses on (or using) SignWriting:

</p><p>– Abushaira, Mohamed (2007). "<a href="https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4097.8883" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.13140/2.1.4097.8883">The Effect of SignWriting on the Achievement and Acquisition of Vocabulary by Deaf Students at</a> <a href="https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.4097.8883" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.13140/2.1.4097.8883">'Al-Amal School for the Deaf' in the City of Amman-Jordan</a>" (PhD thesis). King Abdulaziz University.

</p><p>– Bianchini, Claudia Savina (2012). "<a href="https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.1.3817.4563" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.13140/RG.2.1.3817.4563">Metalinguistic analysis of the emergence of a sign language writing system: SignWriting and its application in Italian Sign Language (LIS)</a>" (PhD thesis). University of Paris VIII – Vincenne Saint-Denis.

</p><p>– Borgia, Fabrizio (2015). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://theses.fr/2015TOU30030">Computerization of a graphic form of sign languages: application to the SignWriting writing system</a>" (PhD thesis). Toulouse 3 – Paul Sabatier University.

</p><p>– Bózoli, Daniele Miki Fujikawa (2021). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/227006">Bilingual education for the deaf: the use of SignWriting in learning Portuguese as a second language</a>" (PhD thesis). Universidade Federal Santa Catarina.

</p><p>– Brito, Ronnie Fagundes de (2013). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://bdtd.ibict.br/vufind/Record/UFSC_7bdd92665aeea4d57bb94cfdc54aba27">Reference model for developing artifacts to support deaf access to audiovisual media</a>" (PhD thesis). Universidade Federal Santa Catarina.

</p><p>– Flood, Cecilia Mary (2002). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.signwriting.org/archive/docs5/sw0476-CeciliaFlood-Dissertation2002.pdf">How do Deaf and hard-of-hearing students experience learning to write using SignWriting, a way to read and write signs?</a>” (PhD thesis). University of New Mexico.

</p><p>– Galea, Maria (2014). "<i><a href="https://doi.org/10.13140/2.1.3842.5924" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.13140/2.1.3842.5924">SignWriting (SW) of Maltese Sign Language (LSM) and its development into an orthography: Linguistic considerations</a>"</i>  (PhD thesis). University of Malta.

</p><p>– Gan, Lu (2011). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://core.ac.uk/outputs/340565/?source=2">Real-time immersive human-computer interaction based on tracking and recognition of dynamic hand gestures</a>" (PhD thesis). University of Central Lancashire.

</p><p>– Moryossef, Amit (2024). "<a href="https://doi.org/10.48550/arXiv.2412.01991" class="extiw external" title="doi:10.48550/arXiv.2412.01991">Real-time multilingual sign language processing</a>" (PhD thesis). Bar-Ilan University.

</p><p>– Pinto, Jorge Manuel Ferriera (2015). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositorio-aberto.up.pt/handle/10216/104983">SignWriting as a writing system appropriate to sign languages: a contribution to the development of writing skills of the deaf student?</a>" (PhD thesis). Universidade do Porto.

</p><p>– Stumpf, Marianne Rossi (2005). "<i><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://lume.ufrgs.br/handle/10183/5429">The learning process of sign language writing through the SignWriting system: sign languages on paper and in the computer</a></i>" (PhD thesis). Universidade Federal do Rio Grande do Sul.

</p><p>– Wanderley, Débora Campos (2017). "<a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositorio.ufsc.br/handle/123456789/194005">Classification of verbs with agreement in Brazilian Sign Language: an analysis based on SignWriting</a>" (PhD thesis). Universidade Federal Santa Catarina.

</p>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="Development">Development</h2></div>

<p>The <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Software">SignPuddle</a> and <a class="mw-selflink-fragment" href="#Software">SignMaker</a> applications are built on a set of JavaScript packages which manage SignWriting text, including display, searching, sorting, text flow, and other processing.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_40-0" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>To support researchers and software developers who wish to build custom SignWriting applications, these packages are freely available under the <a href="MIT_License" title="MIT License">MIT Open Source License</a>.<sup id="cite_ref-:11_40-1" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:11-40"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>40<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>The package <i>@sutton-signwriting/core</i> provides the following sign-processing commands:<sup id="cite_ref-41" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-41"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>41<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p>

<ul><li>Complex feature-level searches of SignWriting text in documents and dictionaries, to support research in <a href="Corpus_linguistics" title="Corpus linguistics">corpus linguistics</a>.</li>

<li>Tokenizers, to support <a href="Machine_learning" title="Machine learning">machine learning</a> models for SignWriting text, enabling applications such as sign language recognition and translation.<sup id="cite_ref-42" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-42"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>42<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup></li></ul>

<p>The package <i>@sutton-signwriting/font-ttf</i> includes the SignWriting symbol fonts, which are TrueType fonts distributed under the <a href="SIL_Open_Font_License" title="SIL Open Font License">SIL Open Font License</a>. Separately, Google distributes <i>Noto Sans SignWriting</i>, an OpenType font containing the Unicode SignWriting symbol set.<sup id="cite_ref-43" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-43"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>43<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup><sup id="cite_ref-44" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-44"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>44<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p><i>Formal SignWriting</i> is the <a href="Character_encoding" title="Character encoding">character encoding</a> for SignWriting text, which provides the logical foundation for the JavaScript packages.<sup id="cite_ref-:0_1-8" class="reference"><a href="#cite_note-:0-1"><span class="cite-bracket">[</span>1<span class="cite-bracket">]</span></a></sup>

</p><p>For more information on SignWriting development, see the website <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sutton-signwriting.io">www.sutton-signwriting.io</a>.

</p>

<ul><li><a href="Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li>

<li><a href="Hamburg_Notation_System" title="Hamburg Notation System">Hamburg Notation System</a> (HamNoSys)</li>

<li><a href="International_Movement_Writing_Alphabet" title="International Movement Writing Alphabet">International Movement Writing Alphabet</a> (IMWA)</li>

<li><a href="ASL-phabet" title="ASL-phabet">ASL-phabet</a></li>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="References">References</h2></div>

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<li id="cite_note-:8-18"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:8_18-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:8_18-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFBarbosa2017" class="citation thesis cs1">Barbosa, Gabriela Otaviani (2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositorio.ufsc.br/xmlui/handle/123456789/177791"><i>A arte de escrever em libras</i></a> (Master's thesis). Universidade Federal de Santa Catarina<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 17,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-19"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-19">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://delegs.de">"delegs – "Learn German with GebärdenScript"</a>. <i>delegs</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250712055736/https://www.delegs.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 12 July 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-20"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-20">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFWoehrmann" class="citation web cs1">Woehrmann, Stefan. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.gebaerdenschrift.de">"Hallo, herzlich willkommen bei GebärdenSchrift in Deutschland"</a>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250616083903/http://gebaerdenschrift.de/">Archived</a> from the original on 16 June 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 5,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:3-21"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:3_21-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_21-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:3_21-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFThiessen2011" class="citation thesis cs1">Thiessen, Stuart M. (2011). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://commons.und.edu/theses/4458/"><i>A Grammar of SignWriting</i></a> (Master's thesis). University of North Dakota<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 31,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-22"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-22">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D800.pdf">"Sutton SignWriting"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>unicode.org</i>. 2024. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20250523005738/https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D800.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 23 May 2025<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 19,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-23"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-23">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSuttonFrost2014" class="citation book cs1">Sutton, Valerie; Frost, Adam (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.signwriting.org/archive/docs10/sw0935_SignWriting_Hand_Symbols_ISWA2010_Sutton_Frost_2014.pdf"><i>SignWriting Hand Symbols</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. SignWriting Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-914336-86-0</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-24"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-24">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSuttonFrost2013" class="citation book cs1">Sutton, Valerie; Frost, Adam (2013). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.signwriting.org/archive/docs9/sw0827_American_Sign_Language_Hand_Symbols_Frost_Sutton_2013.pdf"><i>American Sign Language Hand Symbols</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. SignWriting Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-914336-82-2</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:2-25"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:2_25-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSutton2022" class="citation book cs1">Sutton, Valerie (2022). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://archive.org/details/lessons-in-sign-writing"><i>Lessons in SignWriting</i></a> (5th ed.). SignWriting Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-940361-00-3</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:4-26"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:4_26-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:4_26-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSutton2008" class="citation book cs1">Sutton, Valerie (2008). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.signwriting.org/archive/docs6/sw0534-SignSpellingGuidelines-2008.pdf"><i>SignSpelling Guidelines 2008</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. SignWriting Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-914336-85-3</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:5-27"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:5_27-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:5_27-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSlevinskiSutton2007" class="citation book cs1">Slevinski, Steve; Sutton, Valerie (2007). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.signwriting.org/archive/docs5/sw0485-US-SignPuddle15Manual.pdf"><i>SignPuddle Reference Manual</i></a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. SignWriting Press. <a href="ISBN_(identifier)" class="mw-redirect" title="ISBN (identifier)">ISBN</a> <bdi>978-0-914336-66-2</bdi>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:6-28"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:6_28-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_28-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_28-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:6_28-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSlevinski2016" class="citation web cs1">Slevinski, Steve (May 2016). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-slevinski-signwriting-text">"The SignPuddle Standard for SignWriting Text"</a>. <i>tools.ietf.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 8,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-29"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-29">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.signwriting.org/archive/docs2/sw0115-Lookup-Signs.pdf">"SignBank: How To Look-Up Signs By Sign-Symbol-Sequence in SignWriting Dictionaries"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>signwriting.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240701235011/https://www.signwriting.org/archive/docs2/sw0115-Lookup-Signs.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 1 July 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:7-30"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:7_30-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_30-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_30-2"><sup><i><b>c</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:7_30-3"><sup><i><b>d</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFFrost2014" class="citation web cs1">Frost, Adam (2014). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.signwriting.org/symposium/archive/sws0003_Slides_SignWriting_Handwriting_Adam_Frost.pdf">"Ways to Write Sign Languages by Hand with SignWriting"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>signwriting.org</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240804083829/https://www.signwriting.org/symposium/archive/sws0003_Slides_SignWriting_Handwriting_Adam_Frost.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 4 Aug 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:9-31"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:9_31-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:9_31-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFShepard-Kegl2002" class="citation web cs1">Shepard-Kegl, James (2002). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.signwriting.org/archive/docs2/sw0162-NI-Teaching-Literacy.pdf">"Teaching Literacy to Deaf Students in Nicaragua: A Common Sense Two-Step Approach"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>Nicaraguan Sign Language Projects, Inc</i>. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://web.archive.org/web/20240505230711/https://www.signwriting.org/archive/docs2/sw0162-NI-Teaching-Literacy.pdf">Archived</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span> from the original on 5 May 2024<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-32"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-32">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://signbank.org/signpuddle/">"SignPuddle"</a>. <i>signwriting.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 24,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-33"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-33">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.signbank.org/signmaker.html">"SignMaker"</a>. <i>signwriting.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-34"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-34">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://home.unicode.org">"Unicode – The World Standard for Text and Emoji"</a>. <i>unicode.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-35"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-35">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode8.0.0/">"Unicode 8.0.0"</a>. <i>unicode.org</i>. 2015<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-:10-36"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:10_36-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:10_36-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSlevinski2015" class="citation web cs1">Slevinski, Stephen (July 2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.slideshare.net/slideshow/signwriting-in-unicode-8-issues-2015-by-stephen-e-slevinski-jr/51236854">"Issues with SignWriting in Unicode 8"</a>. <i>slideshare.net</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">July 26,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-37"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-37">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSlevinski2017" class="citation web cs1">Slevinski, Stephen (July 12, 2017). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/L2/L2017/17220-signwriting-design-opt.pdf">"L2/17-220: Design Options for Sutton SignWriting with examples and fonts"</a> <span class="cs1-format">(PDF)</span>. <i>unicode.org</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 11,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-38"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-38">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFCosta2012" class="citation thesis cs1">Costa, Roberto C. R. (2012). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://repositorio.ufba.br/handle/ri/17216"><i>Proposta de instrumento de avaliação fonológica da Língua Brasileira de Sinais: FONOLIBRAS</i></a> (Master's thesis). Universidade Federal da Bahia<span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 8,</span> 2025</span>.</cite></span>

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<li id="cite_note-39"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-39">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFIatskiuGarciaAntunesCanteri2015" class="citation journal cs1">Iatskiu, C. E.; Garcia, L. S.; Antunes, D. R.; Canteri, R. (2015). <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.researchgate.net/publication/280879315_The_Low_Use_of_SignWriting_Computational_Tools_from_HCI_Perspective">"The Low Use of SignWriting Computational Tools from HCI Perspective"</a>. <i>UAHCI 2015</i> – via ResearchGate.</cite></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-:11-40"><span class="mw-cite-backlink">^ <a href="#cite_ref-:11_40-0"><sup><i><b>a</b></i></sup></a> <a href="#cite_ref-:11_40-1"><sup><i><b>b</b></i></sup></a></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSlevinski" class="citation web cs1">Slevinski, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sutton-signwriting.io">"Sutton SignWriting"</a>. <i>sutton-signwriting.io</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-41"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-41">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSlevinski" class="citation web cs1">Slevinski, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/sutton-signwriting/core">"@sutton-signwriting/core"</a>. <i>github.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (link)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-42"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-42">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFMoryossef" class="citation web cs1">Moryossef, Amit. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/sign-language-processing">"Sign Language Processing"</a>. <i>github.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (link)</span></span>

</li>

<li id="cite_note-43"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-43">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite id="CITEREFSlevinski" class="citation web cs1">Slevinski, Steve. <a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/sutton-signwriting/font-ttf">"@sutton-signwriting/font-ttf"</a>. <i>github.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (link)</span></span>

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<li id="cite_note-44"><span class="mw-cite-backlink"><b><a href="#cite_ref-44">^</a></b></span> <span class="reference-text"><cite class="citation web cs1"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fonts.google.com/noto/specimen/Noto+Sans+SignWriting">"Noto Sans SignWriting"</a>. <i>fonts.google.com</i><span class="reference-accessdate">. Retrieved <span class="nowrap">August 12,</span> 2025</span>.</cite><span class="cs1-maint citation-comment"><code class="cs1-code">{{cite web}}</code>: CS1 maint: url-status (link)</span></span>

</li>

</ol></div>

<div class="mw-heading mw-heading2"><h2 id="External_links">External links</h2></div>

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<div class="side-box-text plainlist">Wikimedia Commons has media related to <span style="font-weight: bold; font-style: italic;"><a href="https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/Category:SignWriting" class="extiw external" title="commons:Category:SignWriting">SignWriting</a></span>.</div></div>

</div>

<ul><li><span class="official-website"><span class="url"><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.signwriting.org">Website</a></span></span></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.youtube.com/@SignWritingOrg">YouTube channel</a></li>

<li><a href="https://archive.org/details/@signwriting_press" class="extiw external" title="iarchive:@signwriting press">Textbooks</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.signwriting.org/symposium/archive/sws0003_Slides_SignWriting_Handwriting_Adam_Frost.pdf">Handwriting</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://signbank.org/iswa/">Alphabet</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://unicode.org/charts/PDF/U1D800.pdf">Symbol set</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.unicode.org/versions/Unicode16.0.0/core-spec/chapter-21/#G28865">Unicode</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://fonts.google.com/noto/specimen/Noto+Sans+SignWriting?query=signwriting">Google font</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://signbank.org/signpuddle/">Software (document and dictionary editor)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.signbank.org/signmaker.html">Software (sign and dictionary editor)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://www.sutton-signwriting.io">Development (software tools and resources)</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://datatracker.ietf.org/doc/html/draft-slevinski-formal-signwriting">Formal SignWriting</a></li>

<li><a rel="nofollow" class="external text" href="https://github.com/sign-language-processing">Machine learning</a></li></ul>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Types_of_writing_systems56" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types_of_writing_systems56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a> of <a href="Writing_system" title="Writing system">writing systems</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Overview</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="History_of_writing" title="History of writing">History of writing</a></li>

<li><a href="Grapheme" title="Grapheme">Grapheme</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Lists</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Writing systems</a>

<ul><li><a href="Undeciphered_writing_systems" title="Undeciphered writing systems">undeciphered</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_creators_of_writing_systems" title="List of creators of writing systems">inventors</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_constructed_scripts" title="List of constructed scripts">constructed</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Languages by writing system / <a href="List_of_languages_by_first_written_accounts" class="mw-redirect" title="List of languages by first written accounts">by first written accounts</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Types56" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="List_of_writing_systems" title="List of writing systems">Types</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abjads0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Abjad" title="Abjad">Abjads</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Numerals</a></i></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Aramaic_alphabet" title="Aramaic alphabet">Aramaic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Hatran_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Hatran alphabet">Hatran</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Elifba_alphabet" title="Elifba alphabet">Elifba</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Egyptian hieroglyphs</a></li>

<li><a href="Elymaic" title="Elymaic">Elymaic</a></li>

<li><a href="Hebrew_alphabet" title="Hebrew alphabet">Hebrew</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ktav_Ashuri" title="Ktav Ashuri">Ashuri</a></li>

<li><a href="Cursive_Hebrew" title="Cursive Hebrew">Cursive</a></li>

<li><a href="Rashi_script" title="Rashi script">Rashi</a></li>

<li><a href="Solitreo" title="Solitreo">Solitreo</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandaic_alphabet" title="Mandaic alphabet">Mandaic</a></li>

<li><a href="Manichaean_script" title="Manichaean script">Manichaean</a></li>

<li><a href="Nabataean_script" title="Nabataean script">Nabataean</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_North_Arabian" title="Ancient North Arabian">Ancient North Arabian</a></li>

<li><a href="Pahlavi_scripts" title="Pahlavi scripts">Pahlavi</a>

<li><a href="Inscriptional_Pahlavi" title="Inscriptional Pahlavi">Inscriptional</a></li>

<li><a href="Inscriptional_Parthian" title="Inscriptional Parthian">Inscriptional Parthian</a></li>

<li><a href="Psalter_Pahlavi" title="Psalter Pahlavi">Psalter</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pegon_script" title="Pegon script">Pegon</a></li>

<li><a href="Phoenician_alphabet" title="Phoenician alphabet">Phoenician</a>

<ul><li><a href="Paleo-Hebrew_alphabet" title="Paleo-Hebrew alphabet">Paleo-Hebrew</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Pitman_shorthand" title="Pitman shorthand">Pitman shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Proto-Sinaitic_script" title="Proto-Sinaitic script">Proto-Sinaitic</a></li>

<li><a href="Punic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Punic alphabet">Punic</a></li>

<li><a href="Samaritan_script" title="Samaritan script">Samaritan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_South_Arabian_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">South Arabian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Zabur_script" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Zabur</a></li>

<li><a href="Ancient_South_Arabian_script#Musnad" title="Ancient South Arabian script">Musnad</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Sogdian_alphabet" title="Sogdian alphabet">Sogdian</a></li>

<li><a href="Syriac_alphabet" title="Syriac alphabet">Syriac</a>

<ul><li><a href="Syriac_alphabet#Classical_ʾEsṭrangēlā" title="Syriac alphabet">ʾEsṭrangēlā</a></li>

<li><a href="Syriac_alphabet#West_Syriac_Serṭā" title="Syriac alphabet">Serṭā</a></li>

<li><a href="Syriac_alphabet#East_Syriac_Maḏnḥāyā" title="Syriac alphabet">Maḏnḥāyā</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Teeline_Shorthand" class="mw-redirect" title="Teeline Shorthand">Teeline Shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Ugaritic_alphabet" title="Ugaritic alphabet">Ugaritic</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Abugidas0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Abugida" title="Abugida">Abugidas</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em"><a href="Brahmic_scripts" title="Brahmic scripts">Brahmic</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Northern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bengali%E2%80%93Assamese_script" title="Bengali–Assamese script">Bengali–Assamese</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhaiksuki_script" title="Bhaiksuki script">Bhaiksuki</a></li>

<li><a href="Brahmi_script" title="Brahmi script">Brahmi script</a></li>

<li><a href="Devanagari" title="Devanagari">Devanagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Dogri_script" title="Dogri script">Dogri</a></li>

<li><a href="Gujarati_script" title="Gujarati script">Gujarati</a></li>

<li><a href="Gupta_script" title="Gupta script">Gupta</a></li>

<li><a href="Gurmukhi" title="Gurmukhi">Gurmukhi</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaithi" title="Kaithi">Kaithi</a></li>

<li><a href="Kalinga_script" title="Kalinga script">Kalinga</a></li>

<li><a href="Khema_script" title="Khema script">Khema</a></li>

<li><a href="Khojki_script" title="Khojki script">Khojki</a></li>

<li><a href="Khudabadi_script" title="Khudabadi script">Khudabadi</a></li>

<li><a href="La%E1%B9%87%E1%B8%8D%C4%81_scripts" title="Laṇḍā scripts">Laṇḍā</a></li>

<li><a href="Lepcha_script" title="Lepcha script">Lepcha</a></li>

<li><a href="Mahajani" title="Mahajani">Mahajani</a></li>

<li><a href="Marchen_script" title="Marchen script">Marchen</a></li>

<li><a href="Meitei_script" title="Meitei script">Meitei</a></li>

<li><a href="Multani_script" title="Multani script">Multani</a></li>

<li><a href="N%C4%81gar%C4%AB_script" title="Nāgarī script">Nagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Nandinagari" title="Nandinagari">Nandinagari</a></li>

<li><a href="Newari_scripts" title="Newari scripts">Nepalese scripts</a>

<ul><li><a href="Bhujimol_script" title="Bhujimol script">Bhujimol</a></li>

<li>Golmol</li>

<li>Himmol</li>

<li>Kummol</li>

<li>Kvemmol</li>

<li>Pachumol</li>

<li><a href="Pracalit_script" title="Pracalit script">Pracalit</a></li>

<li><a href="Ranjana_script" title="Ranjana script">Ranjana</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamyig_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Tamyig script">Tamyig</a></li>

<li><a href="Tirhuta_script" title="Tirhuta script">Tirhuta</a></li>

<li><a href="Limbu_script" title="Limbu script">Limbu</a></li>

<li><a href="Nepalese_scripts" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese scripts">Litumol</a></li></ul></li>

<ul><li><a href="Karani_script" title="Karani script">Karani</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="%CA%BCPhags-pa_script" title="ʼPhags-pa script">ʼPhags-pa</a></li>

<li><a href="Sharada_script" title="Sharada script">Sharada</a></li>

<li><a href="Siddha%E1%B9%83_script" title="Siddhaṃ script">Siddhaṃ</a></li>

<li><a href="Soyombo_script" title="Soyombo script">Soyombo</a></li>

<li><a href="Sylheti_Nagri" title="Sylheti Nagri">Sylheti Nagri</a></li>

<li><a href="Takri_script" title="Takri script">Takri</a></li>

<li><a href="Tibetan_script" title="Tibetan script">Tibetan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Uchen_script" title="Uchen script">Uchen</a></li>

<li><a href="Tocharian_script" title="Tocharian script">Tocharian</a></li>

<li><a href="Zanabazar_square_script" title="Zanabazar square script">Zanabazar square</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Southern</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<li><a href="Balinese_script" title="Balinese script">Balinese</a></li>

<li><a href="Batak_script" title="Batak script">Batak</a></li>

<li><a href="Baybayin" title="Baybayin">Baybayin</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhattiprolu_script" title="Bhattiprolu script">Bhattiprolu</a></li>

<li><a href="Buhid_script" title="Buhid script">Buhid</a></li>

<li><a href="Chakma_script" title="Chakma script">Chakma</a></li>

<li><a href="Fakkham_script" title="Fakkham script">Fakkham</a></li>

<li><a href="Grantha_script" title="Grantha script">Grantha</a></li>

<li><a href="Goykanadi" title="Goykanadi">Goykanadi</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanunoo_script" title="Hanunoo script">Hanunoo</a></li>

<li><a href="Javanese_script" title="Javanese script">Javanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Kadamba_script" title="Kadamba script">Kadamba</a></li>

<li><a href="Kannada_script" title="Kannada script">Kannada</a></li>

<li><a href="S'gaw_Karen_alphabet" title="S'gaw Karen alphabet">Karen</a></li>

<li><a href="Khmer_script" title="Khmer script">Khmer</a>

<li><a href="Kulitan" title="Kulitan">Kulitan</a></li>

<li><a href="Tai_Tham_script" title="Tai Tham script">Lanna</a></li>

<li><a href="Langdi" title="Langdi">Langdi</a></li>

<li><a href="Lontara_script" title="Lontara script">Lontara</a>

<ul><li><a href="Lontara_Bilang-bilang_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lontara Bilang-bilang script">Bilang-bilang</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Makasar_script" title="Makasar script">Makasar</a></li>

<li><a href="Malayalam_script" title="Malayalam script">Malayalam</a></li>

<li><a href="Maldivian_writing_systems" title="Maldivian writing systems">Old Maldivian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Dhives_Akuru" title="Dhives Akuru">Dhives Akuru</a></li>

<li><a href="Eveyla_Akuru" class="mw-redirect" title="Eveyla Akuru">Eveyla Akuru</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mon%E2%80%93Burmese_script" title="Mon–Burmese script">Mon–Burmese</a></li>

<li><a href="Pallava_script" title="Pallava script">Pallava</a></li>

<li><a href="Saurashtra_script" title="Saurashtra script">Saurashtra</a></li>

<li><a href="Sinhala_script" title="Sinhala script">Sinhala</a></li>

<li><a href="Sukhothai_script" title="Sukhothai script">Sukhothai</a></li>

<li><a href="Sundanese_script" title="Sundanese script">Sundanese</a>

<ul><li><a href="Old_Sundanese_script" title="Old Sundanese script">Old Sundanese</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Tagbanwa_script" title="Tagbanwa script">Tagbanwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil_script" title="Tamil script">Tamil</a></li>

<li><a href="Tamil-Brahmi" title="Tamil-Brahmi">Tamil-Brahmi</a></li>

<li><a href="Tanchangya_script" title="Tanchangya script">Tanchangya</a></li>

<li><a href="Telugu_script" title="Telugu script">Telugu</a></li>

<li><a href="Tigalari_script" title="Tigalari script">Tigalari</a></li>

<li><a href="Ulu_scripts" title="Ulu scripts">Ulu scripts</a>

<ul><li><a href="Incung_script" title="Incung script">Incung</a></li>

<li><a href="Lampung_script" title="Lampung script">Lampung</a></li>

<li><a href="Lembak_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Lembak script">Lembak</a></li>

<li><a href="Pasemah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Pasemah script">Pasemah</a></li>

<li><a href="Rejang_alphabet" title="Rejang alphabet">Rejang</a></li>

<li><a href="Serawai_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Serawai script">Serawai</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Vatteluttu" title="Vatteluttu">Vatteluttu</a>

<ul><li><a href="Kolezhuthu" class="mw-redirect" title="Kolezhuthu">Kolezhuthu</a></li>

<li><a href="Malayanma" title="Malayanma">Malayanma</a></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:5em">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bharati_script" title="Bharati script">Bharati</a></li>

<li><a href="Boyd's_syllabic_shorthand" title="Boyd's syllabic shorthand">Boyd's syllabic shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian syllabics</a>

<ul><li><a href="Blackfoot_language#Writing_system" title="Blackfoot language">Blackfoot</a></li>

<li><a href="Carrier_syllabics" title="Carrier syllabics">Déné syllabics</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Ge%CA%BDez_script" title="Geʽez script">Geʽez</a></li>

<li><a href="Gunjala_Gondi_script" title="Gunjala Gondi script">Gunjala Gondi</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese Braille</a></li>

<li><a href="Sarati" title="Sarati">Sarati</a></li>

<li><a href="Sunwar_language#Writing_Systems" title="Sunwar language">Jenticha</a></li>

<li><a href="Kharosthi" title="Kharosthi">Kharosthi</a></li>

<li><a href="Mandombe_script" title="Mandombe script">Mandombe</a></li>

<li><a href="Gondi_writing" title="Gondi writing">Masaram Gondi</a></li>

<li><a href="Meroitic_script" title="Meroitic script">Meroitic</a></li>

<li><a href="Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li>

<li><a href="Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li>

<li><a href="Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li>

<li><a href="Tengwar" title="Tengwar">Tengwar</a></li>

<li><a href="Thaana" title="Thaana">Thaana</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Natural_Shorthand" title="Thomas Natural Shorthand">Thomas Natural Shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li>

<li><a href="Mwangwego_script" title="Mwangwego script">Mwangwego</a></li>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Alphabets0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Alphabet" title="Alphabet">Alphabets</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Adlam_script" title="Adlam script">Adlam</a></li>

<li><a href="Ariyaka_script" title="Ariyaka script">Ariyaka</a></li>

<li><a href="Armenian_alphabet" title="Armenian alphabet">Armenian</a></li>

<li><a href="Avestan_alphabet" title="Avestan alphabet">Avestan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Pazend" title="Pazend">Pazend</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Avoiuli" title="Avoiuli">Avoiuli</a></li>

<li><a href="Bassa_Vah_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bassa Vah script">Bassa Vah</a></li>

<li><a href="Carian_alphabets" title="Carian alphabets">Carian</a></li>

<li><a href="Caucasian_Albanian_script" title="Caucasian Albanian script">Caucasian Albanian</a></li>

<li><a href="Cirth" title="Cirth">Cirth</a></li>

<li><a href="Coelbren_y_Beirdd" title="Coelbren y Beirdd">Coelbren</a></li>

<li><a href="Coorgi%E2%80%93Cox_alphabet" title="Coorgi–Cox alphabet">Coorgi–Cox alphabet</a></li>

<li><a href="Coptic_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Coptic alphabet">Coptic</a></li>

<li><a href="Cyrillic_script" title="Cyrillic script">Cyrillic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Serbian_Cyrillic" class="mw-redirect" title="Serbian Cyrillic">Serbian</a></li>

<li><a href="Early_Cyrillic_alphabet" title="Early Cyrillic alphabet">Early</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Deseret_alphabet" title="Deseret alphabet">Deseret</a></li>

<li><a href="Duployan_shorthand" title="Duployan shorthand">Duployan shorthand</a>

<ul><li><a href="Duployan_shorthand#Chinook_writing" title="Duployan shorthand">Chinook</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Eclectic_shorthand" title="Eclectic shorthand">Eclectic shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Elbasan_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Elbasan script">Elbasan</a></li>

<li><a href="Enochian" title="Enochian">Enochian</a></li>

<li><a href="Etruscan_alphabet" title="Etruscan alphabet">Etruscan</a></li>

<li><a href="George_Psalmanazar#Pseudo-lexicographer" title="George Psalmanazar">Formosan</a></li>

<li><a href="Fraser_script" title="Fraser script">Fraser</a></li>

<li><a href="Gabelsberger_shorthand" title="Gabelsberger shorthand">Gabelsberger shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Gadabuursi_Somali_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Gadabuursi Somali script">Gadabuursi</a></li>

<li><a href="Garay_alphabet" title="Garay alphabet">Garay alphabet</a></li>

<li><a href="Georgian_scripts" title="Georgian scripts">Georgian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Asomtavruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Asomtavruli">Asomtavruli</a></li>

<li><a href="Nuskhuri" class="mw-redirect" title="Nuskhuri">Nuskhuri</a></li>

<li><a href="Mkhedruli" class="mw-redirect" title="Mkhedruli">Mkhedruli</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Glagolitic_script" title="Glagolitic script">Glagolitic</a></li>

<li><a href="Gothic_alphabet" title="Gothic alphabet">Gothic</a></li>

<li><a href="Gregg_shorthand" title="Gregg shorthand">Gregg shorthand</a></li>

<li><a href="Greek_alphabet" title="Greek alphabet">Greek</a> (<a href="Archaic_Greek_alphabets" title="Archaic Greek alphabets">Archaic</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Greco-Iberian_alphabet" title="Greco-Iberian alphabet">Greco-Iberian alphabet</a></li>

<li><a href="Hangul" title="Hangul">Hangul</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanifi_Rohingya_script" title="Hanifi Rohingya script">Hanifi</a></li>

<li><a href="Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaddare_script" title="Kaddare script">Kaddare</a></li>

<li><a href="Kayah_Li_alphabet" title="Kayah Li alphabet">Kayah Li</a></li>

<li><a href="Klingon_scripts" title="Klingon scripts">Klingon</a></li>

<li><a href="Latin_script" title="Latin script">Latin</a>

<ul><li><a href="Beneventan_script" title="Beneventan script">Beneventan</a></li>

<li><a href="Blackletter" title="Blackletter">Blackletter</a></li>

<li><a href="Carolingian_minuscule" title="Carolingian minuscule">Carolingian minuscule</a></li>

<li><a href="Fraktur" title="Fraktur">Fraktur</a></li>

<li><a href="Gaelic_type" title="Gaelic type">Gaelic</a></li>

<li><a href="Insular_script" title="Insular script">Insular</a></li>

<li><a href="Kurrent" title="Kurrent">Kurrent</a></li>

<li><a href="Merovingian_script" title="Merovingian script">Merovingian</a></li>

<li><a href="Scribal_abbreviation" title="Scribal abbreviation">Sigla</a></li>

<li><a href="S%C3%BCtterlin" title="Sütterlin">Sütterlin</a></li>

<li><a href="Tironian_notes" title="Tironian notes">Tironian notes</a></li>

<li><a href="Visigothic_script" title="Visigothic script">Visigothic</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Lycian_alphabet" title="Lycian alphabet">Lycian</a></li>

<li><a href="Lydian_alphabet" title="Lydian alphabet">Lydian</a></li>

<li><a href="Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li>

<li><a href="Medefaidrin" title="Medefaidrin">Medefaidrin</a></li>

<li><a href="Molodtsov_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Molodtsov alphabet">Molodtsov</a></li>

<li><a href="Mundari_Bani" title="Mundari Bani">Mundari Bani</a></li>

<li><a href="Ogham" title="Ogham">Ogham</a></li>

<li><a href="Ol_Chiki_script" title="Ol Chiki script">Ol Chiki</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Hungarian_script" title="Old Hungarian script">Old Hungarian</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Italic_scripts" title="Old Italic scripts">Old Italic</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Permic_script" title="Old Permic script">Old Permic</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Turkic_script" title="Old Turkic script">Orkhon</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Uyghur_alphabet" title="Old Uyghur alphabet">Old Uyghur</a>

<ul><li><a href="Mongolian_script" title="Mongolian script">Mongolian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Evenki_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="Evenki alphabet">Evenki</a></li>

<li><a href="Galik_alphabet" title="Galik alphabet">Galik alphabet</a></li>

<li><a href="Manchu_alphabet" title="Manchu alphabet">Manchu</a></li>

<li><a href="Clear_Script" title="Clear Script">Oirat</a></li>

<li><a href="Vagindra_script" title="Vagindra script">Vagindra</a></li></ul></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Osage_script" title="Osage script">Osage</a></li>

<li><a href="Osmanya_script" title="Osmanya script">Osmanya</a></li>

<li><a href="Phrygian_alphabet" title="Phrygian alphabet">Phrygian</a></li>

<li><a href="Pisidian_language" title="Pisidian language">Pisidian</a></li>

<li><a href="Runes" title="Runes">Runic</a>

<ul><li><a href="Anglo-Saxon_runes" title="Anglo-Saxon runes">Anglo-Saxon</a></li>

<li><a href="Cipher_runes" title="Cipher runes">Cipher</a></li>

<li><a href="Dalecarlian_runes" title="Dalecarlian runes">Dalecarlian</a></li>

<li><a href="Elder_Futhark" title="Elder Futhark">Elder Futhark</a></li>

<li><a href="Younger_Futhark" title="Younger Futhark">Younger Futhark</a></li>

<li><a href="Gothic_runic_inscriptions" title="Gothic runic inscriptions">Gothic</a></li>

<li><a href="Marcomannic_runes" class="mw-redirect" title="Marcomannic runes">Marcomannic</a></li>

<li><a href="Medieval_runes" title="Medieval runes">Medieval</a></li>

<li><a href="Staveless_runes" title="Staveless runes">Staveless</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Shavian_alphabet" title="Shavian alphabet">Shavian</a></li>

<li><a href="Sidetic_language" title="Sidetic language">Sidetic</a></li>

<li><a href="Sorang_Sompeng_script" title="Sorang Sompeng script">Sorang Sompeng</a></li>

<li><a href="Sunuwar_alphabet" title="Sunuwar alphabet">Sunuwar</a></li>

<li><a href="Tifinagh" title="Tifinagh">Tifinagh</a></li>

<li><a href="Todhri_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Todhri script">Todhri</a></li>

<li><a href="Kurukh_language#Writing_systems" title="Kurukh language">Tolong Siki</a></li>

<li><a href="Vellara_alphabet" title="Vellara alphabet">Vellara</a></li>

<li><a href="Visible_Speech" title="Visible Speech">Visible Speech</a></li>

<li><a href="Vithkuqi_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Vithkuqi script">Vithkuqi</a></li>

<li><a href="Wancho_language#Orthography" title="Wancho language">Wancho</a></li>

<li><a href="Warang_Citi" title="Warang Citi">Warang Citi</a></li>

<li><a href="Kurdish_alphabets#Yezidi" title="Kurdish alphabets">Yezidi</a></li>

<li><a href="Zaghawa_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Zaghawa script">Zaghawa</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Non-linear</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a></li>

<li><a href="International_maritime_signal_flags" title="International maritime signal flags">Maritime flags</a></li>

<li><a href="Telegraph_code" title="Telegraph code">Telegraph code</a></li>

<li><a href="New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></li>

<li><a href="Flag_semaphore" title="Flag semaphore">Flag semaphore</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Adinkra_symbols" title="Adinkra symbols">Adinkra</a></li>

<li><a href="Aztec_script" title="Aztec script">Aztec</a></li>

<li><a href="Blissymbols" title="Blissymbols">Blissymbols</a></li>

<li><a href="Dongba_symbols" title="Dongba symbols">Dongba</a></li>

<li><a href="Ersu_Shaba_script" title="Ersu Shaba script">Ersu Shaba</a></li>

<li><a href="Emoji" title="Emoji">Emoji</a></li>

<li><a href="Isotype_(picture_language)" title="Isotype (picture language)">Isotype</a></li>

<li><a href="Kaid%C4%81_glyphs" title="Kaidā glyphs">Kaidā</a></li>

<li><a href="Mi%EA%9E%8Ckmaw_hieroglyphic_writing" class="mw-redirect" title="Miꞌkmaw hieroglyphic writing">Miꞌkmaw</a></li>

<li><a href="Mixtec_writing" title="Mixtec writing">Mixtec</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Epoch_Notation_Painting" class="mw-redirect" title="New Epoch Notation Painting">New Epoch Notation Painting</a></li>

<li><a href="Nsibidi" title="Nsibidi">Nsibidi</a></li>

<li><a href="Ojibwe_writing_systems#Anishinaabewibii'iganan" title="Ojibwe writing systems">Anishinaabewibii'iganan</a></li>

<li><a href="Olmec_hieroglyphs" title="Olmec hieroglyphs">Olmec</a></li>

<li><a href="Siglas_poveiras" title="Siglas poveiras">Siglas poveiras</a></li>

<li><a href="Testerian" title="Testerian">Testerian</a></li>

<li><a href="Yerkish" title="Yerkish">Yerkish</a></li>

<li><a href="Zapotec_script" title="Zapotec script">Zapotec</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Logograms0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Logogram" title="Logogram">Logograms</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="Chinese_family_of_scripts" title="Chinese family of scripts">Chinese family of scripts</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="Chinese_characters" title="Chinese characters">Chinese characters</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Simplified_Chinese_characters" title="Simplified Chinese characters">Simplified</a></li>

<li><a href="Traditional_Chinese_characters" title="Traditional Chinese characters">Traditional</a></li>

<li><a href="Oracle_bone_script" title="Oracle bone script">Oracle bone script</a></li>

<li><a href="Chinese_bronze_inscriptions" title="Chinese bronze inscriptions">Bronze scripts</a></li>

<li><a href="Seal_script" title="Seal script">Seal script</a>

<ul><li><a href="Large_seal_script" title="Large seal script">large</a></li>

<li><a href="Small_seal_script" title="Small seal script">small</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanja" title="Hanja">Hanja</a></li>

<li><a href="Kanji" title="Kanji">Kanji</a></li>

<li><a href="Sawndip" title="Sawndip">Sawndip</a></li>

<li><a href="Bowen_script" class="mw-redirect" title="Bowen script">Bowen</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Chinese-influenced</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Jurchen_script" title="Jurchen script">Jurchen</a></li>

<li><a href="Khitan_large_script" title="Khitan large script">Khitan large script</a></li>

<li><a href="Tangut_script" title="Tangut script">Tangut</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em"><a href="Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Cuneiform</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Akkadian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Akkadian cuneiform">Akkadian</a></li>

<li><a href="Assyrian_cuneiform" class="mw-redirect" title="Assyrian cuneiform">Assyrian</a></li>

<li><a href="Elamite_cuneiform" title="Elamite cuneiform">Elamite</a></li>

<li><a href="Hittite_cuneiform" title="Hittite cuneiform">Hittite</a></li>

<li><a href="Cuneiform_Luwian" class="mw-redirect" title="Cuneiform Luwian">Luwian</a></li>

<li><a href="Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other logosyllabic</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Anatolian_hieroglyphs" title="Anatolian hieroglyphs">Anatolian</a></li>

<li><a href="Bagam_script" title="Bagam script">Bagam</a></li>

<li><a href="Cretan_hieroglyphs" title="Cretan hieroglyphs">Cretan</a></li>

<li><a href="Isthmian_script" title="Isthmian script">Isthmian</a></li>

<li><a href="Proto-Elamite_script" title="Proto-Elamite script">Proto-Elamite</a></li>

<li><a href="Tenevil" title="Tenevil">Tenevil</a></li>

<li><a href="Yi_script#Classical_Yi" title="Yi script">Yi (Classical)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Logoconsonantal</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Demotic_(Egyptian)" title="Demotic (Egyptian)">Demotic</a></li>

<li><a href="Hieratic" title="Hieratic">Hieratic</a></li>

<li><a href="Egyptian_hieroglyphs" title="Egyptian hieroglyphs">Hieroglyphs</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Numerals</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Hindu%E2%80%93Arabic_numeral_system" title="Hindu–Arabic numeral system">Hindu-Arabic</a></li>

<li><a href="Abjad_numerals" title="Abjad numerals">Abjad</a></li>

<li><a href="Attic_numerals" title="Attic numerals">Attic (Greek)</a></li>

<li><a href="Muisca_numerals" title="Muisca numerals">Muisca</a></li>

<li><a href="Roman_numerals" title="Roman numerals">Roman</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Other</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Sitelen_Pona" title="Sitelen Pona">Sitelen Pona</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Semi-syllabaries0" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Semi-syllabaries" class="mw-redirect" title="Semi-syllabaries">Semi-syllabaries</a></div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Full</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li>

<li><a href="Celtiberian_script" title="Celtiberian script">Celtiberian</a></li>

<li><a href="Iberian_scripts" title="Iberian scripts">Iberian</a>

<ul><li><a href="Northeastern_Iberian_script" title="Northeastern Iberian script">Northeastern</a></li>

<li><a href="Southeastern_Iberian_script" title="Southeastern Iberian script">Southeastern</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Dunging_script" title="Dunging script">Dunging</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:10em">Redundant</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Espanca_script" title="Espanca script">Espanca script</a></li>

<li><a href="Pahawh_Hmong" title="Pahawh Hmong">Pahawh Hmong</a></li>

<li><a href="Khitan_small_script" title="Khitan small script">Khitan small script</a></li>

<li><a href="Southwest_Paleohispanic_script" title="Southwest Paleohispanic script">Southwest Paleohispanic</a></li>

<li><a href="Bopomofo" title="Bopomofo">Bopomofo</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li>

<li><a href="Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="Afaka_syllabary" title="Afaka syllabary">Afaka</a></li>

<li><a href="Bamum_script" title="Bamum script">Bamum</a></li>

<li><a href="Byblos_syllabary" title="Byblos syllabary">Byblos</a></li>

<li><a href="Canadian_Aboriginal_syllabics" title="Canadian Aboriginal syllabics">Canadian Aboriginal</a></li>

<li><a href="Cherokee_syllabary" title="Cherokee syllabary">Cherokee</a></li>

<li><a href="Cypriot_syllabary" title="Cypriot syllabary">Cypriot</a></li>

<li><a href="Cypro-Minoan_syllabary" title="Cypro-Minoan syllabary">Cypro-Minoan</a></li>

<li><a href="Ditema_tsa_Dinoko" title="Ditema tsa Dinoko">Ditema tsa Dinoko</a></li>

<li><a href="Eskayan_script" title="Eskayan script">Eskayan</a></li>

<li><a href="Great_Lakes_Algonquian_syllabics" title="Great Lakes Algonquian syllabics">Great Lakes Algonquian</a></li>

<ul><li><a href="Hiragana" title="Hiragana">Hiragana</a></li>

<li><a href="Katakana" title="Katakana">Katakana</a></li>

<li><a href="Man'y%C5%8Dgana" title="Man'yōgana">Man'yōgana</a></li>

<li><a href="Hentaigana" title="Hentaigana">Hentaigana</a></li>

<li><a href="S%C5%8Dgana" title="Sōgana">Sōgana</a></li>

<li><a href="Jindai_moji" title="Jindai moji">Jindai moji</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Mende_Kikakui_script" title="Mende Kikakui script">Kikakui</a></li>

<li><a href="Kpelle_syllabary" title="Kpelle syllabary">Kpelle</a></li>

<li><a href="Linear_B" title="Linear B">Linear B</a></li>

<li><a href="Linear_Elamite" title="Linear Elamite">Linear Elamite</a></li>

<li><a href="N%C3%BCshu" title="Nüshu">Nüshu</a></li>

<li><a href="Nwagu_Aneke_script" title="Nwagu Aneke script">Nwagu Aneke script</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Persian_cuneiform" title="Old Persian cuneiform">Old Persian cuneiform</a></li>

<li><a href="Cuneiform" title="Cuneiform">Sumerian</a></li>

<li><a href="Woleai_script" title="Woleai script">Woleai</a></li>

<li><a href="Yugtun_script" title="Yugtun script">Yugtun</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Braille_⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑206" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Braille" title="Braille">Braille</a><span style="padding-left:0.5em;"> </span>⠃⠗⠁⠊⠇⠇⠑</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille cell</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="1829_braille" title="1829 braille">1829 braille</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="International_uniformity_of_braille_alphabets" title="International uniformity of braille alphabets">International uniformity</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_ASCII" title="Braille ASCII">ASCII braille</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_Patterns" title="Braille Patterns">Unicode braille patterns</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Braille scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">French-ordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Albanian_Braille" title="Albanian Braille">Albanian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Azeri_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Azeri Braille">Azerbaijani</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Catalan_Braille" title="Catalan Braille">Catalan</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Chinese (mainland Mandarin)</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Czech_Braille" title="Czech Braille">Czech</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Dutch_Braille" title="Dutch Braille">Dutch</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="English_Braille" title="English Braille">English</a> (<a href="Unified_English_Braille" title="Unified English Braille">Unified English</a>)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Esperanto_Braille" title="Esperanto Braille">Esperanto</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="French_Braille" title="French Braille">French</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="German_Braille" title="German Braille">German</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Ghanaian_braille" title="Ghanaian braille">Ghanaian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Guarani_Braille" title="Guarani Braille">Guarani</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hawaiian_Braille" title="Hawaiian Braille">Hawaiian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hungarian_Braille" title="Hungarian Braille">Hungarian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="I%C3%B1upiaq_Braille" title="Iñupiaq Braille">Iñupiaq</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Irish_Braille" title="Irish Braille">Irish</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Italian_Braille" title="Italian Braille">Italian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Latvian_Braille" title="Latvian Braille">Latvian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Lithuanian_Braille" title="Lithuanian Braille">Lithuanian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a> (extended to 8-dot)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Maltese_Braille" title="Maltese Braille">Maltese</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="M%C4%81ori_Braille" title="Māori Braille">Māori</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Navajo_Braille" title="Navajo Braille">Navajo</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Nigerian_braille" title="Nigerian braille">Nigerian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Philippine_Braille" title="Philippine Braille">Philippine</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Polish_Braille" title="Polish Braille">Polish</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Portuguese_Braille" title="Portuguese Braille">Portuguese</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Romanian_Braille" title="Romanian Braille">Romanian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Samoan_Braille" title="Samoan Braille">Samoan</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Slovak_Braille" title="Slovak Braille">Slovak</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="South_African_braille" title="South African braille">South African</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Spanish_Braille" title="Spanish Braille">Spanish</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a> (largely reassigned)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Turkish_Braille" title="Turkish Braille">Turkish</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Vietnamese_Braille" title="Vietnamese Braille">Vietnamese</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Welsh_Braille" title="Welsh Braille">Welsh</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Yugoslav_Braille" title="Yugoslav Braille">Yugoslav</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Zambian_Braille" title="Zambian Braille">Zambian</a></span></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Nordic family</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Estonian_Braille" title="Estonian Braille">Estonian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Faroese_Braille" title="Faroese Braille">Faroese</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Icelandic_Braille" title="Icelandic Braille">Icelandic</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Scandinavian_Braille" title="Scandinavian Braille">Scandinavian</a></span>

<ul><li><span class="nowrap">Danish</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">Finnish</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">Greenlandic</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Northern_S%C3%A1mi_Braille" title="Northern Sámi Braille">Northern Sámi</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">Norwegian</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">Swedish</span></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian lineage family<br>i.e. <a href="Cyrillic_alphabets" title="Cyrillic alphabets">Cyrillic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Belarusian_Braille" title="Belarusian Braille">Belarusian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Bulgarian_Braille" title="Bulgarian Braille">Bulgarian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Kazakh_Braille" title="Kazakh Braille">Kazakh</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Kyrgyz_Braille" title="Kyrgyz Braille">Kyrgyz</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Mongolian_Braille" title="Mongolian Braille">Mongolian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Russian_Braille" title="Russian Braille">Russian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Tatar_Braille" title="Tatar Braille">Tatar</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Ukrainian_Braille" title="Ukrainian Braille">Ukrainian</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Egyptian lineage family<br>i.e. <a href="Arabic_script" title="Arabic script">Arabic</a>-mediated scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Arabic_Braille" title="Arabic Braille">Arabic</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Persian_Braille" title="Persian Braille">Persian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (Pakistan)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indian lineage family<br>i.e. <a href="Bharati_Braille" title="Bharati Braille">Bharati Braille</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Devanagari_Braille" title="Devanagari Braille">Devanagari (Hindi / Marathi / Nepali)</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Bengali_Braille" title="Bengali Braille">Bengali (Bangla / Assamese)</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Gujarati_Braille" title="Gujarati Braille">Gujarati</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Kannada_Braille" title="Kannada Braille">Kannada</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Malayalam_Braille" title="Malayalam Braille">Malayalam</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Punjabi_Braille" title="Punjabi Braille">Punjabi</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Sinhala_Braille" title="Sinhala Braille">Sinhala</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Tamil_Braille" title="Tamil Braille">Tamil</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Telugu_Braille" title="Telugu Braille">Telugu</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Urdu_Braille" title="Urdu Braille">Urdu</a> (India)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other scripts</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Ge'ez_Braille" class="mw-redirect" title="Ge'ez Braille">Amharic</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Armenian_Braille" title="Armenian Braille">Armenian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Burmese_Braille" title="Burmese Braille">Burmese</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Dzongkha_Braille" title="Dzongkha Braille">Dzongkha</a> (Bhutanese)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Georgian_Braille" title="Georgian Braille">Georgian</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Greek_Braille" title="Greek Braille">Greek</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Hebrew_Braille" title="Hebrew Braille">Hebrew</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Inuktitut_Braille" title="Inuktitut Braille">Inuktitut</a> (reassigned vowels)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Khmer_Braille" title="Khmer Braille">Khmer</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Thai_and_Lao_Braille" title="Thai and Lao Braille">Thai and Lao</a> (Japanese vowels)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Tibetan_Braille" title="Tibetan Braille">Tibetan</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Reordered</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Algerian_Braille" title="Algerian Braille">Algerian Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Frequency-based</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="American_Braille" title="American Braille">American Braille</a> (obsolete)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Independent</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap">Chinese semi-syllabaries</span>

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Cantonese_Braille" title="Cantonese Braille">Cantonese</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Mainland_Chinese_Braille" title="Mainland Chinese Braille">Mainland Chinese Mandarin</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Taiwanese_Braille" title="Taiwanese Braille">Taiwanese Mandarin</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Two-cell_Chinese_Braille" title="Two-cell Chinese Braille">Two-cell Chinese (Shuangpin)</a></span></li></ul></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Japanese_Braille" title="Japanese Braille">Japanese</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Korean_Braille" title="Korean Braille">Korean</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Eight-dot</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Luxembourgish_Braille" title="Luxembourgish Braille">Luxembourgish</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_kanji" title="Braille kanji">Kanji</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (GS8)</span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Symbols in braille</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_music" title="Braille music">Braille music</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Canadian_currency_tactile_feature" title="Canadian currency tactile feature">Canadian currency marks</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Computer_Braille_Code" title="Computer Braille Code">Computer Braille Code</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Gardner%E2%80%93Salinas_braille_codes" title="Gardner–Salinas braille codes">Gardner–Salinas braille codes</a> (science; GS8/GS6)</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="IPA_Braille" title="IPA Braille">International Phonetic Alphabet (IPA)</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Nemeth_Braille" title="Nemeth Braille">Nemeth braille code</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Braille_technology" title="Braille technology">Braille technology</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_e-book" title="Braille e-book">Braille e-book</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_embosser" title="Braille embosser">Braille embosser</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_translator" title="Braille translator">Braille translator</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_watch" title="Braille watch">Braille watch</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Mountbatten_Brailler" title="Mountbatten Brailler">Mountbatten Brailler</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Optical_braille_recognition" title="Optical braille recognition">Optical braille recognition</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Perforation" title="Perforation">Perforation</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Perkins_Brailler" title="Perkins Brailler">Perkins Brailler</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Refreshable_braille_display" title="Refreshable braille display">Refreshable braille display</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Slate_and_stylus" title="Slate and stylus">Slate and stylus</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braigo" title="Braigo">Braigo</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">People</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Louis_Braille" title="Louis Braille">Louis Braille</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Charles_Barbier" title="Charles Barbier">Charles Barbier</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="R%C3%B3%C5%BCa_Czacka" title="Róża Czacka">Róża Czacka</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Valentin_Ha%C3%BCy" title="Valentin Haüy">Valentin Haüy</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Harris_Mowbray" title="Harris Mowbray">Harris Mowbray</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Thakur_Vishva_Narain_Singh" title="Thakur Vishva Narain Singh">Thakur Vishva Narain Singh</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Sabriye_Tenberken" title="Sabriye Tenberken">Sabriye Tenberken</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="William_Bell_Wait" title="William Bell Wait">William Bell Wait</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_Institute_of_America" title="Braille Institute of America">Braille Institute of America</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_Without_Borders" title="Braille Without Borders">Braille Without Borders</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Japan_Braille_Library" title="Japan Braille Library">Japan Braille Library</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="National_Braille_Association" title="National Braille Association">National Braille Association</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">Blindness organizations</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap">Schools for the blind</span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="American_Printing_House_for_the_Blind" title="American Printing House for the Blind">American Printing House for the Blind</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other <a href="Tactile_alphabet" title="Tactile alphabet">tactile alphabets</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Decapoint" title="Decapoint">Decapoint</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="New_York_Point" title="New York Point">New York Point</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Night_writing" title="Night writing">Night writing</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Vibratese" title="Vibratese">Vibratese</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Related topics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Accessible_publishing" title="Accessible publishing">Accessible publishing</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="Braille_literacy" title="Braille literacy">Braille literacy</a></span></li>

<li><span class="nowrap"><a href="RoboBraille" title="RoboBraille">RoboBraille</a></span></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

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</style></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Sign_language1559" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks hlist mw-collapsible autocollapse navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_language1559" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em"><a href="Sign_language" title="Sign language">Sign language</a></div></th></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2"><div>

<ul><li><a href="List_of_sign_languages" title="List of sign languages">List of sign languages</a></li>

<li><a href="List_of_sign_languages_by_number_of_native_signers" title="List of sign languages by number of native signers">List by number of signers</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Language<br>families<sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_a"><a href="#endnote_note_a">[a]</a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages_by_family973" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sign languages by family</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Australian_Aboriginal_sign_languages" title="Australian Aboriginal sign languages">Australian<br> Aboriginal</a><br> (<small>multiple families</small>)<sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_c"><a href="#endnote_note_c">[c]</a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Dieri_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dieri Sign Language">Diyari</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Djingili_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Djingili Sign Language">Djingili</a></li>

<li><a href="Akitiri_Sign_Language" title="Akitiri Sign Language">Eltye eltyarrenke</a></li>

<li><a href="Arrernte_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrernte Sign Language">Iltyeme iltyeme</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Jaralde_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaralde Sign Language">Jaralde</a></i></li>

<li><i><a href="Kalkutungu_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalkutungu Sign Language">Kalkutungu</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Miriwoong_Sign_Language" title="Miriwoong Sign Language">Miriwoong</a></li>

<li><a href="Mudbura_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudbura Sign Language">Mudburra</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Pitha_Pitha_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitha Pitha Sign Language">Pitha Pitha</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Warlpiri_Sign_Language" title="Warlpiri Sign Language">Rdaka rdaka</a></li>

<li><a href="Umpila_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Umpila Sign Language">Umpila</a>

<ul><li><a href="Far_North_Queensland_Indigenous_Sign_Language" title="Far North Queensland Indigenous Sign Language">Far North Queensland</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Warlmanpa_Sign_Language" title="Warlmanpa Sign Language">Warlmanpa</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Warluwara_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Warluwara Sign Language">Warluwara</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Warumungu_Sign_Language" title="Warumungu Sign Language">Warramunga</a></li>

<li><a href="Worora_Kinship_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Worora Kinship Sign Language">Worora Kinship</a></li>

<li>Yan-nhaŋu</li>

<li><a href="Yir_Yoront_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yir Yoront Sign Language">Yir Yoront</a></li>

<li><a href="Yol%C5%8Bu_Sign_Language" title="Yolŋu Sign Language">Yolŋu</a></li></ul>

</div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Western_Desert_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Desert Sign Language">Western Desert</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Kartutjarra_language#Sign_language" title="Kartutjarra language">Kartutjarra</a></li>

<li><a href="Manjiljarra_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manjiljarra Sign Language">Manjiljarra</a></li>

<li><a href="Ngaatjatjarra_dialect#Sign_language" title="Ngaatjatjarra dialect">Ngaatjatjarra</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Zendath Kesign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Eastern_Torres_Strait_Islander_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Eastern Torres Strait Islander Sign Language">Meriam</a></li>

<li><a href="Western_Torres_Strait_Islander_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Torres Strait Islander Sign Language">Western Torres Strait Islander</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Arab_sign-language_family" title="Arab sign-language family">Arab (Ishaaric)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Egyptian_Sign_Language" title="Egyptian Sign Language">Egyptian</a></li>

<li><a href="Kuwaiti_Sign_Language" title="Kuwaiti Sign Language">Kuwaiti</a></li>

<li><a href="Libyan_Sign_Language" title="Libyan Sign Language">Libyan</a></li>

<li><a href="Qatari_Unified_Sign_Language" title="Qatari Unified Sign Language">Qatari Unified</a></li>

<li><a href="Yemeni_Sign_Language" title="Yemeni Sign Language">Yemeni</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Iraqi–<br> Levantine</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Iraqi_Sign_Language" title="Iraqi Sign Language">Iraqi</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Levantine_Arabic_Sign_Language" title="Levantine Arabic Sign Language">Levantine</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Jordanian</li>

<li>Lebanese</li>

<li>Palestinian</li>

<li>Syrian</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Possible</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Emirati_Sign_Language" title="Emirati Sign Language">Emirati</a></li>

<li><a href="Saudi_Sign_Language" title="Saudi Sign Language">Saudi</a></li>

<li><a href="Omani_Sign_Language" title="Omani Sign Language">Omani</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Chinese_Sign_Language" title="Chinese Sign Language">Chinese Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chinese_Sign_Language" title="Chinese Sign Language">Chinese (CSL/ZGS)</a>

<ul><li>Shanghai

<ul><li>Macau</li></ul></li></ul></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Chilean-Paraguayan-<br> Uruguayan Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chilean_Sign_Language" title="Chilean Sign Language">Chilean (LSCh)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Paraguay-Uruguay_Sign_Language_family" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraguay-Uruguay Sign Language family">Paraguayan-<br> Uruguayan Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Paraguay_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Paraguay Sign Language">Paraguay (LSPY)</a></li>

<li><a href="Uruguay_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Uruguay Sign Language">Uruguay (LSU)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="French_Sign_Language_family" title="French Sign Language family">Francosign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Algerian_Sign_Language" title="Algerian Sign Language">Algerian (LSA)</a></li>

<li><a href="Swiss-German_Sign_Language" title="Swiss-German Sign Language">Swiss-German (DSGS)</a></li>

<li><a href="Estonian_Sign_Language" title="Estonian Sign Language">Estonian (Eesti viipekeel)</a></li>

<li><a href="Irish_Sign_Language" title="Irish Sign Language">Irish (ISL)</a>

<ul><li><a href="Australian_Irish_Sign_Language" title="Australian Irish Sign Language">Australian-Irish</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Brazilian_Sign_Language" title="Brazilian Sign Language">Brazilian (Libras)</a></li>

<li><a href="Lithuanian_Sign_Language" title="Lithuanian Sign Language">Lithuanian</a></li>

<li><a href="Catalan_Sign_Language" title="Catalan Sign Language">Catalan (LSC)</a>

<ul><li><a href="Valencian_Sign_Language" title="Valencian Sign Language">Valencian (LSV)</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="French_Sign_Language" title="French Sign Language">French (LSF)</a>

<ul><li><i><a href="Old_French_Sign_Language" title="Old French Sign Language">Old French</a></i><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_c"><a href="#endnote_note_c">[c]</a></sup></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Romanian_Sign_Language" title="Romanian Sign Language">Romanian (LSR)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Varieties_of_American_Sign_Language" title="Varieties of American Sign Language">American<br> (ASLic)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American (ASL)</a>

<ul><li><a href="Black_American_Sign_Language" title="Black American Sign Language">Black ASL (BASL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Protactile" title="Protactile">Protactile</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Bolivian</li>

<li><a href="Burmese_sign_language" title="Burmese sign language">Burmese</a>

<ul><li>Yangon</li>

<li>Mandalay</li></ul></li>

<li>Cambodian</li>

<li>Costa Rican</li>

<li>Dominican</li>

<li><a href="Guyanese_Sign_Language" title="Guyanese Sign Language">Guyanese</a></li>

<li>Jamaican</li>

<li><a href="Malaysian_Sign_Language" title="Malaysian Sign Language">Malaysian (BIM)</a></li>

<li>Panamanian</li>

<li><a href="Filipino_Sign_Language" title="Filipino Sign Language">Filipino (FSL)</a></li>

<li>Puerto Rican (PRSL)</li>

<li><a href="Sign_language_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Sign language in Singapore">Singapore (SgSL)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Indonesian (Nusantaric)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Indonesian_Sign_Language" title="Indonesian Sign Language">Indonesian (Bisindo)</a>

<ul><li>Jakarta</li>

<li>Yogyakarta</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Francophone African<br>(Françafrosign)</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Ethiopian</li>

<li>Chadian</li>

<li>Ghanaian</li>

<li>Guinean</li>

<li><a href="Bamako_Sign_Language" title="Bamako Sign Language">Bamako (LaSiMa)</a></li>

<li>Moroccan</li>

<li>Nigerian</li>

<li>Sierra Leonean</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed, <a href="Plains_Indian_Sign_Language" title="Plains Indian Sign Language">Hand Talk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Oneida_Sign_Language" title="Oneida Sign Language">Oneida (OSL)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed, <a href="Hawai%CA%BBi_Sign_Language" title="Hawaiʻi Sign Language">Hoailona ʻŌlelo</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Creole Hawaiʻi Sign Language (CHSL)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed, <a href="French_Sign_Language" title="French Sign Language">French (LSF)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Greek_Sign_Language" title="Greek Sign Language">Greek (ΕΝΓ/ENG)</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cypriot_Sign_Language" title="Cypriot Sign Language">Cypriot (ΚΝΓ/KNG)</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Quebec_Sign_Language" title="Quebec Sign Language">Quebec (LSQ)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Austro-<br> Hungarian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Czech_Sign_Language" title="Czech Sign Language">Czech (ČZJ)</a></li>

<li><a href="Hungarian_Sign_Language" title="Hungarian Sign Language">Hungarian (Magyar Jelnyev)</a></li>

<li><a href="Austrian_Sign_Language" title="Austrian Sign Language">Austrian (ÖGS)</a></li>

<li><a href="Slovak_Sign_Language" title="Slovak Sign Language">Slovak (SPJ)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ukrainian_Sign_Language" title="Ukrainian Sign Language">Ukrainian (УЖМ/USL)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Russian Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Azerbaijani_Sign_Language" title="Azerbaijani Sign Language">Azerbaijani (AİD)</a></li>

<li><a href="Bulgarian_Sign_Language" title="Bulgarian Sign Language">Bulgarian (БЖЕ)</a></li>

<li><a href="Georgian_Sign_Language" title="Georgian Sign Language">Georgian</a></li>

<li><a href="Kazakh_Sign_Language" title="Kazakh Sign Language">Kazakh-Russian (KSL/KRSL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Latvian_Sign_Language" title="Latvian Sign Language">Latvian (LSL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mongolian_Sign_Language" title="Mongolian Sign Language">Mongolian</a></li>

<li><a href="Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian (РЖЯ)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Yugoslavic Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Croatian_Sign_Language" title="Croatian Sign Language">Croatian (HZJ)</a></li>

<li>Kosovar</li>

<li>Serbian</li>

<li>Slovenian</li>

<li><a href="Yugoslav_Sign_Language" title="Yugoslav Sign Language">Yugoslav (YSL)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Dutch Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Dutch_Sign_Language" title="Dutch Sign Language">Dutch (NGT)</a></li>

<li><a href="Gambian_Sign_Language" title="Gambian Sign Language">Gambian</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Italian Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Italian_Sign_Language" title="Italian Sign Language">Italian (LIS)</a></li>

<li><a href="Tunisian_Sign_Language" title="Tunisian Sign Language">Tunisian (TSL)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mexican Sign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Mexican_Sign_Language" title="Mexican Sign Language">Mexican (LSM)</a></li>

<li><a href="Honduran_Sign_Language" title="Honduran Sign Language">Honduran (LESHO)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Old Belgian</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Flemish_Sign_Language" title="Flemish Sign Language">Flemish (VGT)</a></li>

<li><a href="French_Belgian_Sign_Language" title="French Belgian Sign Language">French Belgian (LSFB)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Danish_Sign_Language_family" title="Danish Sign Language family">Danish (Tegnic)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Malagasy_Sign_Language" title="Malagasy Sign Language">Malagasy</a></li>

<li><a href="Icelandic_Sign_Language" title="Icelandic Sign Language">Icelandic (Táknmál)</a></li>

<li><a href="Norwegian_Sign_Language" title="Norwegian Sign Language">Norwegian (Tegnspråk)</a></li>

<li><a href="Danish_Sign_Language" title="Danish Sign Language">Danish (Tegnsprog)</a></li>

<li>Faroese (Teknmál)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Vietnamese_sign_languages" title="Vietnamese sign languages">Viet-Thai</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Haiphong_Sign_Language" title="Haiphong Sign Language">Hai Phong</a></li>

<li><a href="Hanoi_Sign_Language" title="Hanoi Sign Language">Hanoi</a></li>

<li><a href="Thai_Sign_Language" title="Thai Sign Language">Thai (TSL/MSTSL)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Plains_Indian_Sign_Language" title="Plains Indian Sign Language">Hand Talk</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Great Basin</li>

<li>Northeast</li>

<li>Plains Sign Talk</li>

<li><i>Southeast</i></li>

<li>Southwest</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Mixed, <a href="American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American (ASL)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Oneida_Sign_Language" title="Oneida Sign Language">Oneida (OSL)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Plateau_Sign_Language" title="Plateau Sign Language">Plateau</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>A'aninin</li>

<li>Kalispel</li>

<li>Ktunaxa (ʾa·qanⱡiⱡⱡitnam)</li>

<li>Nesilextcl'n</li>

<li>Shuswap (Secwepemcékst)</li>

<li>Sqeliz</li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Indo-Pakistani_Sign_Language" title="Indo-Pakistani Sign Language">Indo-Pakistani<br> Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Bangalore-Madras</li>

<li>Beluchistan</li>

<li><a href="Bengali_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Sign Language">Bengali</a></li>

<li>Bombay</li>

<li>Calcutta</li>

<li>Delhi</li>

<li><a href="Nepali_Sign_Language" title="Nepali Sign Language">Nepali</a></li>

<li>North West Frontier Province</li>

<li>Punjab-Sindh</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Japanese_Sign_Language_family" title="Japanese Sign Language family">Japanese Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Japanese_Sign_Language" title="Japanese Sign Language">Japanese (JSL/Nihon Shuwa)</a></li>

<li><a href="Korean_Sign_Language" title="Korean Sign Language">Korean (KSL/Hanguk Sueo)</a></li>

<li><a href="Taiwan_Sign_Language" title="Taiwan Sign Language">Taiwanese (TSL/Taiwan Shouyu)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><i>Kentish</i><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_c"><a href="#endnote_note_c">[c]</a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><i><a href="Old_Kentish_Sign_Language" title="Old Kentish Sign Language">Old Kentish</a></i></li>

<li><i>Chilmark</i>

<ul><li><i><a href="Martha's_Vineyard_Sign_Language" title="Martha's Vineyard Sign Language">Martha's Vineyard (MVSL)</a></i></li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Mayan_Sign_Language" title="Mayan Sign Language">Maya (Meemul Tziij /<br>Meemul Ch'aab'al)</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Highland Maya</li>

<li>Yucatec

<ul><li>Chicán</li>

<li>Nohkop</li>

<li>Nohya</li>

<li>Trascorral</li>

<li>Cepeda Peraza</li></ul></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">NW Eurosign</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th id="BANZSL53" scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="BANZSL" title="BANZSL">BANZSL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Auslan" title="Auslan">Auslan</a>

<ul><li><a href="Papua_New_Guinean_Sign_Language" title="Papua New Guinean Sign Language">Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">British (BSL)</a>

<ul><li><a href="Northern_Ireland_Sign_Language" title="Northern Ireland Sign Language">Northern Ireland (NISL)</a></li></ul></li>

<li>Fijian</li>

<li><a href="Maritime_Sign_Language" title="Maritime Sign Language">Maritime (MSL)</a></li>

<li><a href="New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand (NZSL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Samoan_Sign_Language" title="Samoan Sign Language">Samoan</a></li>

<li><a href="South_African_Sign_Language" title="South African Sign Language">South African (SASL)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Swedish_Sign_Language_family" title="Swedish Sign Language family">Swedish Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Eritrean_Sign_Language" title="Eritrean Sign Language">Eritrean (EriSL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Finland-Swedish_Sign_Language" title="Finland-Swedish Sign Language">Finland-Swedish (FinSSL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Portuguese_Sign_Language" title="Portuguese Sign Language">Portuguese (LGP)</a>

<ul><li><a href="Cape_Verdian_Sign_Language" title="Cape Verdian Sign Language">Cape Verdian (LGC)</a></li>

<li><a href="S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_Sign_Language" title="São Tomé and Príncipe Sign Language">São Tomé and Príncipean (LGSTP)</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Swedish_Sign_Language" title="Swedish Sign Language">Swedish (Teckenspråk)</a></li>

<li><a href="Finnish_Sign_Language" title="Finnish Sign Language">Finnish (Viittomakieli)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="German_Sign_Language_family" title="German Sign Language family">German Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="German_Sign_Language" title="German Sign Language">German (DGS)</a></li>

<li><a href="Polish_Sign_Language" title="Polish Sign Language">Polish (PJM)</a></li>

<li><a href="Israeli_Sign_Language" title="Israeli Sign Language">Israeli (Shassi)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Old_Chiangmai%E2%80%93Bangkok_Sign_Language_family" title="Old Chiangmai–Bangkok Sign Language family">Original Thai Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Chiangmai_Sign_Language" title="Chiangmai Sign Language">Chiangmai</a></li>

<li><a href="Haiphong_Sign_Language" title="Haiphong Sign Language">Hai Phong</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Bangkok_Sign_Language" title="Old Bangkok Sign Language">Old Bangkok</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Paget_Gorman_Sign_System" title="Paget Gorman Sign System">Paget Gorman</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Namibian_Sign_Language" title="Namibian Sign Language">Namibian (NSL)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Providencia%E2%80%93Cayman_Sign_Language_family" title="Providencia–Cayman Sign Language family">Providencia–<br> Cayman Sign</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Providence_Island_Sign_Language" title="Providence Island Sign Language">Providence Island (Provisle)</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Cayman_Sign_Language" title="Old Cayman Sign Language">Old Cayman (Guyanese)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Isolates</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Afghan_Sign_Language" title="Afghan Sign Language">Afghan</a></li>

<li><a href="Al-Sayyid_Bedouin_Sign_Language" title="Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language">Al-Sayyid Bedouin (ABSL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Albanian_Sign_Language" title="Albanian Sign Language">Albanian (AlbSL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Albarradas_Sign_Language" title="Albarradas Sign Language">Albarradas Sign Language</a></li>

<li><a href="Alipur_Sign_Language" title="Alipur Sign Language">Alipur</a></li>

<li><a href="Argentine_Sign_Language" title="Argentine Sign Language">Argentine (LSA)</a></li>

<li><a href="Armenian_Sign_Language" title="Armenian Sign Language">Armenian</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Caucasian_Sign_Language" title="Caucasian Sign Language">Caucasian (Harsneren)</a></i><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_c"><a href="#endnote_note_c">[c]</a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Bay_Islands_Sign_Language" title="Bay Islands Sign Language">Bay Islands</a></li>

<li>Belizean</li>

<li><a href="Berbey_Sign_Language" title="Berbey Sign Language">Berbey</a></li>

<li><a href="Bhutanese_Sign_Language" title="Bhutanese Sign Language">Bhutanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Bouakako_Sign_Language" title="Bouakako Sign Language">Bouakako (LaSiBo)</a></li>

<li><a href="Bribri_Sign_Language" title="Bribri Sign Language">Bribri</a></li>

<li><a href="Brunca_Sign_Language" title="Brunca Sign Language">Brunca</a></li>

<li><a href="Carhuahuaran_Sign_Language" title="Carhuahuaran Sign Language">Carhuahuaran</a></li>

<li><a href="Central_Taurus_Sign_Language" title="Central Taurus Sign Language">Central Taurus (CTSL/OTİD)</a></li>

<li><a href="Chatino_Sign_Language" title="Chatino Sign Language">Chatino</a></li>

<li><a href="Chiriqui_Sign_Language" title="Chiriqui Sign Language">Chiriqui</a></li>

<li><a href="Cuban_Sign_Language" title="Cuban Sign Language">Cuban (LSC)</a></li>

<li><a href="Dogon_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dogon Sign Language">Dogon/Douentza</a></li>

<li><a href="Ecuadorian_Sign_Language" title="Ecuadorian Sign Language">Ecuadorian (LSEC)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghandruk_Sign_Language" title="Ghandruk Sign Language">Ghandruk</a></li>

<li><a href="Ghardaia_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghardaia Sign Language">Ghardaia (AJSL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Guatemalan_Sign_Language" title="Guatemalan Sign Language">Guatemalan (Lensegua)</a></li>

<li><a href="Guinea-Bissau_Sign_Language" title="Guinea-Bissau Sign Language">Guinea-Bissau</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Henniker_Sign_Language" title="Henniker Sign Language">Henniker</a></i><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_c"><a href="#endnote_note_c">[c]</a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Hausa_Sign_Language" title="Hausa Sign Language">Hausa (HSL/Magannar Hannu)</a></li>

<li><a href="Hawai'i_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawai'i Sign Language">Hawaiʻi (Hoailona ʻŌlelo)</a>

<ul><li>Creole HSL</li></ul></li>

<li>Inuit

<ul><li><a href="Inuit_Sign_Language" title="Inuit Sign Language">Inuit Uukturausingit (IUR)</a></li>

<li><a href="Greenlandic_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenlandic Sign Language">Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Jhankot_Sign_Language" title="Jhankot Sign Language">Jhankot</a></li>

<li><a href="Jumla_Sign_Language" title="Jumla Sign Language">Jumla</a></li>

<li><a href="Kajana_Sign_Language" title="Kajana Sign Language">Kajana</a></li>

<li><a href="Kafr_Qasem_Sign_Language" title="Kafr Qasem Sign Language">Kafr Qasim</a></li>

<li><a href="Kailge_Sign_Language" title="Kailge Sign Language">Kailge</a></li>

<li><a href="Kata_Kolok" title="Kata Kolok">Kata Kolok</a></li>

<li><a href="Kenyan_Sign_Language" title="Kenyan Sign Language">Kenyan (KSL/LAK)</a>

<ul><li><a href="Somali_Sign_Language" title="Somali Sign Language">Somali (SSL)</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Keresan_Sign_Language" title="Keresan Sign Language">Keresan Pueblo (KPISL/Keresign)</a></li>

<li>Kisindo</li>

<li><a href="Jamaican_Country_Sign_Language" title="Jamaican Country Sign Language">Jamaican Country (KS/Konchri Sain)</a></li>

<li><a href="Macedonian_Sign_Language" title="Macedonian Sign Language">Macedonian</a></li>

<li><a href="Malawian_Sign_Language" title="Malawian Sign Language">Malawian</a></li>

<li><a href="Maltese_Sign_Language" title="Maltese Sign Language">Maltese (LSM)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mardin_Sign_Language" title="Mardin Sign Language">Mardin</a></li>

<li><a href="Maroua_Sign_Language" title="Maroua Sign Language">Maroua</a></li>

<li><a href="Maunabudhuk%E2%80%93Bodhe_Sign_Language" title="Maunabudhuk–Bodhe Sign Language">Maunabudhuk–Bodhe</a></li>

<li><a href="Mauritian_Sign_Language" title="Mauritian Sign Language">Mauritian (MSL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mehek_Sign_Language" title="Mehek Sign Language">Mehek</a></li>

<li><a href="Miyakubo_Sign_Language" title="Miyakubo Sign Language">Miyakubo Shuwa</a></li>

<li><a href="Burkina_Sign_Language" title="Burkina Sign Language">Burkina (Mossi)</a></li>

<li><a href="Mount_Avejaha_Sign_Language" title="Mount Avejaha Sign Language">Mount Avejaha</a></li>

<li><a href="Mozambican_Sign_Language" title="Mozambican Sign Language">Mozambican</a></li>

<li><a href="Navajo_Family_Sign" title="Navajo Family Sign">Navajo/Diné Family</a></li>

<li><a href="Nicaraguan_Sign_Language" title="Nicaraguan Sign Language">Nicaraguan (ISN)</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_Costa_Rican_Sign_Language" title="Old Costa Rican Sign Language">Old Costa Rican</a></li>

<li><a href="Orocovis_Sign_Language" title="Orocovis Sign Language">Orocovis (LSOR)</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Ottoman_Sign_Language" title="Ottoman Sign Language">Ottoman (Seraglio/Harem)</a></i></li>

<li><a href="Penang_Sign_Language" title="Penang Sign Language">Penang</a></li>

<li><a href="Persian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Sign Language">Persian (Esharani)</a></li>

<li><a href="Peruvian_Sign_Language" title="Peruvian Sign Language">Peruvian (LSP)</a>

<ul><li><a href="Inmaculada_Sign_Language" title="Inmaculada Sign Language">Inmaculada</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Qahveh_Khaneh_Sign_Language" title="Qahveh Khaneh Sign Language">Qahveh Khaneh</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Rennellese_Sign_Language" title="Rennellese Sign Language">Rennellese</a></i><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_c"><a href="#endnote_note_c">[c]</a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Rossel_Island_Sign_Language" title="Rossel Island Sign Language">Rossel Island</a></li>

<li><a href="Rwandan_Sign_Language" title="Rwandan Sign Language">Rwandan (AKR/AMR)</a></li>

<li><i><a href="Sandy_River_Valley_Sign_Language" title="Sandy River Valley Sign Language">Sandy River Valley</a></i><sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_c"><a href="#endnote_note_c">[c]</a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Salvadoran_Sign_Language" title="Salvadoran Sign Language">Salvadoran (LESSA)</a></li>

<li>Sawmill</li>

<li><a href="Sinasina_Sign_Language" title="Sinasina Sign Language">Sinasina (SSSL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Sivia_Sign_Language" title="Sivia Sign Language">Sivia</a></li>

<li><a href="South_Rupununi_Sign_Language" title="South Rupununi Sign Language">South Rupununi</a></li>

<li><a href="Spanish_Sign_Language" title="Spanish Sign Language">Spanish (LSE)</a></li>

<li><a href="Tebul_Sign_Language" title="Tebul Sign Language">Tebul</a></li>

<li><a href="Terena_Sign_Language" title="Terena Sign Language">Terena</a></li>

<li><a href="Tibetan_Sign_Language" title="Tibetan Sign Language">Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)</a></li>

<li><a href="Trinidad_and_Tobago_Sign_Language" title="Trinidad and Tobago Sign Language">Trinidad and Tobago (TTSL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Turkish_Sign_Language" title="Turkish Sign Language">Turkish (TİD)</a></li>

<li><a href="Ugandan_Sign_Language" title="Ugandan Sign Language">Ugandan (USL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Venezuelan_Sign_Language" title="Venezuelan Sign Language">Venezuelan (LSV/VSL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Wanib_Sign_Language" title="Wanib Sign Language">Wanib</a></li>

<li>West African

<ul><li><a href="Adamorobe_Sign_Language" title="Adamorobe Sign Language">Adamorobe (AdaSL/Mumu kasa)</a></li>

<li><a href="Bura_Sign_Language" title="Bura Sign Language">Bura (Burasl)</a></li>

<li>Mofu-Gudur</li>

<li><a href="Nanabin_Sign_Language" title="Nanabin Sign Language">Nanabin (NanabinSL)</a></li></ul></li>

<li><a href="Yoruba_Sign_Language" title="Yoruba Sign Language">Yoruban (YSL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Zambian_Sign_Language" title="Zambian Sign Language">Zambian (ZSL)</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Other groupings</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Koniya_Sign_Language" title="Koniya Sign Language">Amami Shuwa languages</a></li>

<li><a href="Ethiopian_sign_languages" title="Ethiopian sign languages">Ethiopian languages</a></li>

<li><a href="Laotian_sign_languages" title="Laotian sign languages">Laotian languages</a></li>

<li><a href="Rwandan_Sign_Language" title="Rwandan Sign Language">Rwandan languages</a></li>

<li><a href="Sri_Lankan_sign_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan sign languages">Sri Lankan languages</a></li>

<li><a href="Sudanese_sign_languages" title="Sudanese sign languages">Sudanese languages</a> (~150)<sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_b"><a href="#endnote_note_b">[b]</a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Tanzanian_sign_languages" title="Tanzanian sign languages">Tanzanian languages</a> (7+)<sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_b"><a href="#endnote_note_b">[b]</a></sup></li>

<li><a href="Zimbabwean_sign_languages" title="Zimbabwean sign languages">Zimsign languages</a></li></ul>

<ul><li><a href="International_Sign" title="International Sign">International Sign</a></li>

<li><a href="Village_sign_language" title="Village sign language">Village languages</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">By region<sup class="citation nobold" id="ref_note_a"><a href="#endnote_note_a">[a]</a></sup></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible mw-collapsed navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Sign_languages_by_region108" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Sign languages by region</div></th></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Africa</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dt>Algeria</dt>

<dd><a href="Algerian_Sign_Language" title="Algerian Sign Language">Algerian</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Ghardaia_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghardaia Sign Language">Ghardaia</a></dd>

<dt>Cameroon</dt>

<dd><a href="Maroua_Sign_Language" title="Maroua Sign Language">Maroua</a></dd>

<dt>Cape Verde</dt>

<dd><a href="Cape_Verdian_Sign_Language" title="Cape Verdian Sign Language">Cape Verdian (LGC)</a></dd>

<dt>Ghana</dt>

<dd><a href="Adamorobe_Sign_Language" title="Adamorobe Sign Language">Adamorobe (AdaSL / Mumu kasa)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Nanabin_Sign_Language" title="Nanabin Sign Language">Nanabin</a></dd>

<dt>Ivory Coast</dt>

<dd><a href="Bouakako_Sign_Language" title="Bouakako Sign Language">Bouakako (LaSiBo)</a></dd>

<dt>Kenya</dt>

<dd><a href="Kenyan_Sign_Language" title="Kenyan Sign Language">Kenyan</a></dd>

<dt>Malawi</dt>

<dd><a href="Malawian_Sign_Language" title="Malawian Sign Language">Malawian</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Bamako_Sign_Language" title="Bamako Sign Language">Bamako (LaSiMa)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Berbey_Sign_Language" title="Berbey Sign Language">Berbey</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Tebul_Sign_Language" title="Tebul Sign Language">Tebul</a></dd>

<dt>Mozambique</dt>

<dd><a href="Mozambican_Sign_Language" title="Mozambican Sign Language">Mozambican</a></dd>

<dt>Nigeria</dt>

<dd><a href="Hausa_Sign_Language" title="Hausa Sign Language">Hausa (Magannar Hannu)</a></dd>

<dt>Rwanda</dt>

<dd><a href="Rwandan_Sign_Language" title="Rwandan Sign Language">Rwandan (Amarenga)</a></dd>

<dt>São Tomé and Príncipe</dt>

<dd><a href="S%C3%A3o_Tom%C3%A9_and_Pr%C3%ADncipe_Sign_Language" title="São Tomé and Príncipe Sign Language">São Tomé and Príncipean (LGSTP)</a></dd>

<dt>Senegal</dt>

<dd><a href="Mbour_Sign_Language" title="Mbour Sign Language">Mbour</a></dd>

<dt>Somalia, Somaliland & Djibouti</dt>

<dd><a href="Somali_Sign_Language" title="Somali Sign Language">Somali</a></dd>

<dt>South Africa</dt>

<dd><a href="South_African_Sign_Language" title="South African Sign Language">South African</a></dd>

<dt>Tanzania</dt>

<dd><a href="Tanzanian_sign_languages" title="Tanzanian sign languages">Tanzanian</a></dd>

<dt>Uganda</dt>

<dd><a href="Ugandan_Sign_Language" title="Ugandan Sign Language">Ugandan</a></dd>

<dt>Zambia</dt>

<dd><a href="Zambian_Sign_Language" title="Zambian Sign Language">Zambian</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Asia</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dt>Bengal</dt>

<dd><a href="Bengali_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Sign Language">Bengali</a></dd>

<dt>Cambodia</dt>

<dd><a href="Cambodian_Sign_Language" title="Cambodian Sign Language">Cambodian</a></dd>

<dt>China</dt>

<dd><a href="Chinese_Sign_Language" title="Chinese Sign Language">Chinese</a></dd>

<dt>India</dt>

<dd><a href="Alipur_Sign_Language" title="Alipur Sign Language">Alipur</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Bengali_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bengali Sign Language">Bengali</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Indo-Pakistani_Sign_Language" title="Indo-Pakistani Sign Language">Indo-Pakistani</a></dd>

<dt>Indonesia</dt>

<dd><a href="Indonesian_Sign_Language" title="Indonesian Sign Language">Indonesian</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Kata_Kolok" title="Kata Kolok">Kata Kolok (Benkala, Balinese)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Persian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Persian Sign Language">Iranian (Esharani)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Qahveh_Khaneh_Sign_Language" title="Qahveh Khaneh Sign Language">Qahveh Khaneh</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Iraqi_Sign_Language" title="Iraqi Sign Language">Iraqi</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Kurdish_Sign_Language" title="Kurdish Sign Language">Kurdish</a></dd>

<dt>Israel</dt>

<dd><a href="Al-Sayyid_Bedouin_Sign_Language" title="Al-Sayyid Bedouin Sign Language">Al-Sayyid Bedouin</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Ghardaia_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghardaia Sign Language">Ghardaia</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Israeli_Sign_Language" title="Israeli Sign Language">Israeli</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Kafr_Qasem_Sign_Language" title="Kafr Qasem Sign Language">Kafr Qasem</a></dd>

<dt>Japan</dt>

<dd><a href="Japanese_Sign_Language" title="Japanese Sign Language">Japanese</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Koniya_Sign_Language" title="Koniya Sign Language">Koniya</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Miyakubo_Sign_Language" title="Miyakubo Sign Language">Miyakubo</a></dd>

<dt>Korea</dt>

<dd><a href="Korean_Sign_Language" title="Korean Sign Language">Korean</a></dd>

<dt>Kazakhstan</dt>

<dd><a href="Kazakh_Sign_Language" title="Kazakh Sign Language">Kazakh-Russian</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Laotian_sign_languages" title="Laotian sign languages">Laotian</a></dd>

<dt>Malaysia</dt>

<dd><a href="Malaysian_Sign_Language" title="Malaysian Sign Language">Malaysian</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Penang_Sign_Language" title="Penang Sign Language">Penang</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Selangor_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Selangor Sign Language">Selangor</a></dd>

<dt>Maldives</dt>

<dd><a href="Maldives_Sign_Language" title="Maldives Sign Language">Maldives</a></dd>

<dt>Mongolia</dt>

<dd><a href="Mongolian_Sign_Language" title="Mongolian Sign Language">Mongolian</a></dd>

<dt>Nepal</dt>

<dd><a href="Ghandruk_Sign_Language" title="Ghandruk Sign Language">Ghandruk</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Jhankot_Sign_Language" title="Jhankot Sign Language">Jhankot</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Jumla_Sign_Language" title="Jumla Sign Language">Jumla</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Maunabudhuk%E2%80%93Bodhe_Sign_Language" title="Maunabudhuk–Bodhe Sign Language">Maunabudhuk–Bodhe</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Nepalese_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Nepalese Sign Language">Nepalese</a></dd>

<dt>Philippines</dt>

<dd><a href="Filipino_Sign_Language" title="Filipino Sign Language">Filipino</a></dd>

<dt>Saudi Arabia</dt>

<dd><a href="Saudi_Sign_Language" title="Saudi Sign Language">Saudi</a></dd>

<dt>Singapore</dt>

<dd><a href="Sign_language_in_Singapore" class="mw-redirect" title="Sign language in Singapore">Singapore</a></dd>

<dt>Sri Lanka</dt>

<dd><a href="Sri_Lankan_sign_languages" class="mw-redirect" title="Sri Lankan sign languages">Sri Lankan</a></dd>

<dt>Taiwan</dt>

<dd><a href="Taiwan_Sign_Language" title="Taiwan Sign Language">Taiwanese</a></dd>

<dt>Tajikistan</dt>

<dd><a href="Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian</a></dd>

<dt>Tibet</dt>

<dd><a href="Tibetan_Sign_Language" title="Tibetan Sign Language">Tibetan (Bökyi lagda)</a></dd>

<dt>Thailand</dt>

<dd><a href="Old_Bangkok_Sign_Language" title="Old Bangkok Sign Language">Old Bangkok</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Chiangmai_Sign_Language" title="Chiangmai Sign Language">Chiangmai</a></dd>

<dt>Vietnam</dt>

<dd><a href="Vietnamese_sign_languages" title="Vietnamese sign languages">Vietnamese</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Europe</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dt>Armenia</dt>

<dd><a href="Armenian_Sign_Language" title="Armenian Sign Language">Armenian</a></dd>

<dt>Austria</dt>

<dd><a href="Austrian_Sign_Language" title="Austrian Sign Language">Austrian</a></dd>

<dt>Azerbaijan</dt>

<dd><a href="Azerbaijani_Sign_Language" title="Azerbaijani Sign Language">Azerbaijani</a></dd>

<dt>Belgium</dt>

<dd><a href="Flemish_Sign_Language" title="Flemish Sign Language">Flemish</a></dd>

<dd><a href="French_Belgian_Sign_Language" title="French Belgian Sign Language">French Belgian</a></dd>

<dt>United Kingdom</dt>

<dd><a href="British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">British</a></dd>

<dt>Croatia</dt>

<dd><a href="Croatian_Sign_Language" title="Croatian Sign Language">Croatian</a></dd>

<dt>Denmark</dt>

<dd><a href="Danish_Sign_Language" title="Danish Sign Language">Danish</a></dd>

<dd>Faroese (Teknmál)</dd>

<dt>Estonia</dt>

<dd><a href="Estonian_Sign_Language" title="Estonian Sign Language">Estonian</a></dd>

<dt>Finland</dt>

<dd><a href="Finnish_Sign_Language" title="Finnish Sign Language">Finnish</a></dd>

<dt>France</dt>

<dd><a href="Ghardaia_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ghardaia Sign Language">Ghardaia</a></dd>

<dd><a href="French_Sign_Language" title="French Sign Language">French</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Lyons_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Lyons Sign Language">Lyons</a></dd>

<dt>Georgia</dt>

<dd><a href="Georgian_Sign_Language" title="Georgian Sign Language">Georgian</a></dd>

<dt>Germany</dt>

<dd><a href="German_Sign_Language" title="German Sign Language">German</a></dd>

<dt>Greece</dt>

<dd><a href="Greek_Sign_Language" title="Greek Sign Language">Greek</a></dd>

<dt>Hungary</dt>

<dd><a href="Hungarian_Sign_Language" title="Hungarian Sign Language">Hungarian</a></dd>

<dt>Iceland</dt>

<dd><a href="Icelandic_Sign_Language" title="Icelandic Sign Language">Icelandic</a></dd>

<dt>Ireland</dt>

<dd><a href="Irish_Sign_Language" title="Irish Sign Language">Irish</a></dd>

<dt>Italy</dt>

<dd><a href="Italian_Sign_Language" title="Italian Sign Language">Italian</a></dd>

<dt>Kosovo</dt>

<dd><a href="Yugoslav_Sign_Language" title="Yugoslav Sign Language">Yugoslav (Kosovar)</a></dd>

<dt>Latvia</dt>

<dd><a href="Latvian_Sign_Language" title="Latvian Sign Language">Latvian</a></dd>

<dt>Lithuania</dt>

<dd><a href="Lithuanian_Sign_Language" title="Lithuanian Sign Language">Lithuanian</a></dd>

<dt>Moldova</dt>

<dd><a href="Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian</a></dd>

<dt>Netherlands</dt>

<dd><a href="Dutch_Sign_Language" title="Dutch Sign Language">Dutch</a></dd>

<dt>North Macedonia</dt>

<dd><a href="Macedonian_Sign_Language" title="Macedonian Sign Language">Macedonian</a></dd>

<dt>Northern Ireland</dt>

<dd><a href="Northern_Ireland_Sign_Language" title="Northern Ireland Sign Language">Northern Ireland</a></dd>

<dt>Norway</dt>

<dd><a href="Norwegian_Sign_Language" title="Norwegian Sign Language">Norwegian</a></dd>

<dt>Poland</dt>

<dd><a href="Polish_Sign_Language" title="Polish Sign Language">Polish</a></dd>

<dt>Portugal</dt>

<dd><a href="Portuguese_Sign_Language" title="Portuguese Sign Language">Portuguese</a></dd>

<dt>Russia</dt>

<dd><a href="Russian_Sign_Language" title="Russian Sign Language">Russian</a></dd>

<dt>Slovenia</dt>

<dd><a href="Yugoslav_Sign_Language" title="Yugoslav Sign Language">Slovenian</a></dd>

<dt>Spain</dt>

<dd><a href="Catalan_Sign_Language" title="Catalan Sign Language">Catalan</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Spanish_Sign_Language" title="Spanish Sign Language">Spanish</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Valencian_Sign_Language" title="Valencian Sign Language">Valencian</a></dd>

<dt>Sweden</dt>

<dd><a href="Swedish_Sign_Language" title="Swedish Sign Language">Swedish</a></dd>

<dt>Switzerland</dt>

<dd><a href="Swiss-German_Sign_Language" title="Swiss-German Sign Language">Swiss-German</a></dd>

<dt>Turkey</dt>

<dd><a href="Central_Taurus_Sign_Language" title="Central Taurus Sign Language">Central Taurus (CTSL/OTİD)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Mardin_Sign_Language" title="Mardin Sign Language">Mardin</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Turkish_Sign_Language" title="Turkish Sign Language">Turkish</a></dd>

<dt>Ukraine</dt>

<dd><a href="Ukrainian_Sign_Language" title="Ukrainian Sign Language">Ukrainian</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">North and<br>Central<br>America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dt>Belize</dt>

<dd>Belizean</dd>

<dt>Canada</dt>

<dd><a href="American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American (ASL)</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Black_ASL" class="mw-redirect" title="Black ASL">Black ASL</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Protactile" title="Protactile">Protactile</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dl><dd><a href="Oneida_Sign_Language" title="Oneida Sign Language">Oneida (OSL)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Plateau_Sign_Language" title="Plateau Sign Language"><i>Plateau</i></a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Inuit_Sign_Language" title="Inuit Sign Language">Inuit (IUR)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Maritime_Sign_Language" title="Maritime Sign Language">Maritime (MSL)</a></dd>

<dd>Sawmill</dd>

<dd><a href="Quebec_Sign_Language" title="Quebec Sign Language">Quebec</a></dd>

<dt>Cayman</dt>

<dd><i><a href="Old_Cayman_Sign_Language" title="Old Cayman Sign Language">Old Cayman</a></i></dd>

<dt>Costa Rica</dt>

<dd><a href="Bribri_Sign_Language" title="Bribri Sign Language">Bribri</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Brunca_Sign_Language" title="Brunca Sign Language">Brunca</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Old_Costa_Rican_Sign_Language" title="Old Costa Rican Sign Language">Old Costa Rican</a></dd>

<dd><a href="New_Costa_Rican_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="New Costa Rican Sign Language">New Costa Rican</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Cuban_Sign_Language" title="Cuban Sign Language">Cuban</a></dd>

<dt>Greenland</dt>

<dd><a href="Greenlandic_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Greenlandic Sign Language">Greenlandic (Ussersuataarneq)</a></dd>

<dt>Guatemala</dt>

<dd><a href="Guatemalan_Sign_Language" title="Guatemalan Sign Language">Guatemalan</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Mayan_Sign_Language" title="Mayan Sign Language">Mayan</a></dd>

<dt>Haiti</dt>

<dd><a href="Haitian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Haitian Sign Language">Haitian</a></dd>

<dt>Honduras</dt>

<dd><a href="Bay_Islands_Sign_Language" title="Bay Islands Sign Language">Bay Islands</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Honduras_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Honduras Sign Language">Honduran</a></dd>

<dt>Mexico</dt>

<dd><a href="Albarradas_Sign_Language" title="Albarradas Sign Language">Albarradas</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Chatino_Sign_Language" title="Chatino Sign Language">Chatino</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Mayan_Sign_Language" title="Mayan Sign Language">Mayan</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Mexican_Sign_Language" title="Mexican Sign Language">Mexican</a></dd>

<dt>Nicaragua</dt>

<dd><a href="Nicaraguan_Sign_Language" title="Nicaraguan Sign Language">Nicaraguan</a></dd>

<dt>Panama</dt>

<dd><a href="Chiriqui_Sign_Language" title="Chiriqui Sign Language">Chiriqui</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Panamanian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Panamanian Sign Language">Panamanian</a></dd>

<dt>Puerto Rico (USA)</dt>

<dd><a href="American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American (ASL)</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Puerto_Rican_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Puerto Rican Sign Language">Puerto Rican</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Orocovis_Sign_Language" title="Orocovis Sign Language">Orocovis</a></dd>

<dt>El Salvador</dt>

<dd><a href="Salvadoran_Sign_Language" title="Salvadoran Sign Language">Salvadoran (LESSO)</a></dd>

<dd>Old Salvadoran</dd>

<dt>United States</dt>

<dd><a href="American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">American (ASL)</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Black_American_Sign_Language" title="Black American Sign Language">Black ASL</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Protactile" title="Protactile">Protactile</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dl><dd><a href="Oneida_Sign_Language" title="Oneida Sign Language">Oneida (OSL)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Plateau_Sign_Language" title="Plateau Sign Language"><i>Plateau</i></a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Henniker_Sign_Language" title="Henniker Sign Language"><i>Henniker</i></a></dd>

<dd><a href="Keresan_Sign_Language" title="Keresan Sign Language">Keresan (Keresign)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Martha's_Vineyard_Sign_Language" title="Martha's Vineyard Sign Language"><i>Martha's Vineyard</i></a></dd>

<dd>Navajo Family</dd>

<dd><a href="Sandy_River_Valley_Sign_Language" title="Sandy River Valley Sign Language"><i>Sandy River Valley</i></a></dd>

<dd>Sawmill</dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Oceania</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dt>Australia</dt>

<dd><a href="Akitiri_Sign_Language" title="Akitiri Sign Language">Akitiri (Eltye eltyarrenke)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Arrernte_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Arrernte Sign Language">Arrernte (Iltyeme iltyeme)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Auslan" title="Auslan">Auslan</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Australian-Irish_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Australian-Irish Sign Language">Australian-Irish</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Manjiljarra_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Manjiljarra Sign Language">Manjiljarra</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Mudbura_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Mudbura Sign Language">Mudbura (Mudburra)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Ngada_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Ngada Sign Language">Ngada</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Umpila_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Umpila Sign Language">Umpila</a>

<dl><dd><a href="Far_North_Queensland_Indigenous_Sign_Language" title="Far North Queensland Indigenous Sign Language">Far North Queensland</a></dd></dl></dd>

<dd><a href="Warlmanpa_Sign_Language" title="Warlmanpa Sign Language">Warlmanpa</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Warlpiri_Sign_Language" title="Warlpiri Sign Language">Warlpiri (Rdaka rdaka)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Warumungu_Sign_Language" title="Warumungu Sign Language">Warumungu (Warramunga)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Western_Desert_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Desert Sign Language">Western Desert</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Western_Torres_Strait_Islander_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Western Torres Strait Islander Sign Language">Western Torres Strait Islander</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Yir_Yoront_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Yir Yoront Sign Language">Yir Yoront</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Yol%C5%8Bu_Sign_Language" title="Yolŋu Sign Language">Yolŋu</a></dd>

<dt>Hawaii (USA)</dt>

<dd><a href="Hawaiian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Hawaiian Sign Language">Hawaiʻan (Haoilona ʻŌlelo)</a></dd>

<dt>New Zealand</dt>

<dd><a href="New_Zealand_Sign_Language" title="New Zealand Sign Language">New Zealand (NZSL)</a></dd>

<dt>Papua New Guinea</dt>

<dd><a href="Kailge_Sign_Language" title="Kailge Sign Language">Kailge</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Mehek_Sign_Language" title="Mehek Sign Language">Mehek</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Mount_Avejaha_Sign_Language" title="Mount Avejaha Sign Language">Mount Avejaha</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Papua_New_Guinean_Sign_Language" title="Papua New Guinean Sign Language">Papua New Guinean (PNGSL)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Rossel_Island_Sign_Language" title="Rossel Island Sign Language">Rossel Island</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sinasina_Sign_Language" title="Sinasina Sign Language">Sinasina</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Wanib_Sign_Language" title="Wanib Sign Language">Wanib</a></dd>

<dt>Samoa and American Samoa</dt>

<dd><a href="Samoan_Sign_Language" title="Samoan Sign Language">Samoan</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">South America</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<dl><dt>Argentina</dt>

<dd><a href="Argentine_Sign_Language" title="Argentine Sign Language">Argentine (LSA)</a></dd>

<dt>Bolivia</dt>

<dd><a href="Bolivian_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Bolivian Sign Language">Bolivian</a></dd>

<dt>Brazil</dt>

<dd><a href="Brazilian_Sign_Language" title="Brazilian Sign Language">Brazilian (Libras)</a></dd>

<dd><a href="South_Rupununi_Sign_Language" title="South Rupununi Sign Language">South Rupununi</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Terena_Sign_Language" title="Terena Sign Language">Terena</a></dd>

<dt>Chile</dt>

<dd><a href="Chilean_Sign_Language" title="Chilean Sign Language">Chilean</a></dd>

<dt>Colombia</dt>

<dd><a href="Colombian_Sign_Language" title="Colombian Sign Language">Colombian</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Provisle" class="mw-redirect" title="Provisle">Provisle</a></dd>

<dt>Ecuador</dt>

<dd><a href="Ecuadorian_Sign_Language" title="Ecuadorian Sign Language">Ecuadorian</a></dd>

<dt>Guyana</dt>

<dd><a href="Guyanese_Sign_Language" title="Guyanese Sign Language">Guyanese</a></dd>

<dd><a href="South_Rupununi_Sign_Language" title="South Rupununi Sign Language">South Rupununi</a></dd>

<dt>Paraguay</dt>

<dd><a href="Paraguayan_Sign_Language" title="Paraguayan Sign Language">Paraguayan</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Carhuahuaran_Sign_Language" title="Carhuahuaran Sign Language">Carhuahuaran</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Inmaculada_Sign_Language" title="Inmaculada Sign Language">Inmaculada</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Peruvian_Sign_Language" title="Peruvian Sign Language">Peruvian</a></dd>

<dd><a href="Sivia_Sign_Language" title="Sivia Sign Language">Sivia</a></dd>

<dt>Suriname</dt>

<dd><a href="Kajana_Sign_Language" title="Kajana Sign Language">Kajana</a></dd>

<dt>Uruguay</dt>

<dd><a href="Uruguayan_Sign_Language" title="Uruguayan Sign Language">Uruguayan</a></dd>

<dt>Venezuela</dt>

<dd><a href="Venezuelan_Sign_Language" title="Venezuelan Sign Language">Venezuelan</a></dd></dl>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">International</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="International_Sign" title="International Sign">International Sign</a></li>

<li><a href="Makaton" title="Makaton">Makaton</a></li>

<li><a href="Monastic_sign_languages" title="Monastic sign languages">Monastic</a></li>

<li><a href="Signalong" title="Signalong">Signalong</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="American_Sign_Language_grammar" title="American Sign Language grammar">Grammar</a></li>

<li><a href="Idioms_in_American_Sign_Language" title="Idioms in American Sign Language">Idioms</a></li>

<li><a href="American_Sign_Language_literature" title="American Sign Language literature">Literature</a></li>

<li><a href="Profanity_in_American_Sign_Language" title="Profanity in American Sign Language">Profanity</a></li>

<li><a href="ASL_name_sign" class="mw-redirect" title="ASL name sign">Name signs</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Extinct<br> languages</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Chilmark</li>

<li><a href="Dieri_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Dieri Sign Language">Diyari</a></li>

<li><a href="Jaralde_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Jaralde Sign Language">Jaralde</a></li>

<li><a href="Kalkutungu_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Kalkutungu Sign Language">Kalkutungu</a></li>

<li><a href="Henniker_Sign_Language" title="Henniker Sign Language">Henniker Sign Language</a></li>

<li><a href="Martha's_Vineyard_Sign_Language" title="Martha's Vineyard Sign Language">Martha's Vineyard</a></li>

<li><a href="Old_French_Sign_Language" title="Old French Sign Language">Old French</a></li>

<li><a href="Plateau_Sign_Language" title="Plateau Sign Language">Plateau Sign Language</a></li>

<li><a href="Pitha_Pitha_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Pitha Pitha Sign Language">Pitha Pitha</a></li>

<li><a href="Sandy_River_Valley_Sign_Language" title="Sandy River Valley Sign Language">Sandy River Valley Sign Language</a></li>

<li><a href="Warluwara_Sign_Language" class="mw-redirect" title="Warluwara Sign Language">Warluwara</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Linguistics</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="American_Sign_Language_grammar" title="American Sign Language grammar">Grammar (ASL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Bimodal_bilingualism" title="Bimodal bilingualism">Bimodal bilingualism</a></li>

<li><a href="American_Sign_Language_phonology" title="American Sign Language phonology">Phonology (ASL)</a></li>

<li><a href="Handshape" title="Handshape">Handshape</a> / <a href="Location_(sign_language)" title="Location (sign language)">Location</a> / <a href="Orientation_(sign_language)" title="Orientation (sign language)">Orientation</a> / <a href="Movement_(sign_language)" title="Movement (sign language)">Movement</a> / <a href="Expression_(sign_language)" title="Expression (sign language)">Expression</a></li>

<li><a href="Mouthing" title="Mouthing">Mouthing</a></li>

<li><a href="Nonmanual_feature" title="Nonmanual feature">Nonmanual feature</a></li>

<li><a href="Sign_name" title="Sign name">Sign names</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Fingerspelling" title="Fingerspelling">Fingerspelling</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="American_manual_alphabet" title="American manual alphabet">American</a></li>

<li><a href="Two-handed_manual_alphabets" title="Two-handed manual alphabets">British (two-handed)</a></li>

<li><a href="Catalan_manual_alphabet" title="Catalan manual alphabet">Catalan</a></li>

<li><a href="Chilean_manual_alphabet" title="Chilean manual alphabet">Chilean</a></li>

<li><a href="Esperanto_manual_alphabet" title="Esperanto manual alphabet">Esperanto</a></li>

<li><a href="French_manual_alphabet" title="French manual alphabet">French</a></li>

<li><a href="German_manual_alphabet" class="mw-redirect" title="German manual alphabet">German</a></li>

<li><a href="Hungarian_manual_alphabet" title="Hungarian manual alphabet">Hungarian</a></li>

<li><a href="Irish_manual_alphabet" title="Irish manual alphabet">Irish</a></li>

<li><a href="Japanese_manual_syllabary" title="Japanese manual syllabary">Japanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Korean_manual_alphabet" title="Korean manual alphabet">Korean</a></li>

<li><a href="Polish_manual_alphabet" title="Polish manual alphabet">Polish</a></li>

<li><a href="Russian_manual_alphabet" title="Russian manual alphabet">Russian</a></li>

<li><a href="Yugoslav_manual_alphabet" title="Yugoslav manual alphabet">Serbo-Croatian</a></li>

<li><a href="Spanish_manual_alphabet" title="Spanish manual alphabet">Spanish</a></li>

<li><a href="Ukrainian_manual_alphabet" title="Ukrainian manual alphabet">Ukrainian</a></li>

<li><a href="Portuguese_manual_alphabet" title="Portuguese manual alphabet">Portuguese</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Writing</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ASL-phabet" title="ASL-phabet">ASL-phabet</a></li>

<li><a href="Hamburg_Notation_System" title="Hamburg Notation System">Hamburg Notation System</a></li>

<li><a href="Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li>

<li><a href="ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a> (<span class="skin-invert-image" typeof="mw:File"></span>)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Language_contact" title="Language contact">Language<br> contact</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em"></div><table class="nowraplinks navbox-subgroup" style="border-spacing:0"><tbody><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Contact_sign" title="Contact sign">Contact sign</a></li>

<li><a href="Initialized_sign" title="Initialized sign">Initialized sign</a></li>

<li><a href="Mouthing" title="Mouthing">Mouthing</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Manually_coded_language" title="Manually coded language">Signed Oral<br> Languages</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Indian_Signing_System" title="Indian Signing System">Indian Signing System</a></li>

<li><a href="Manually_coded_English" title="Manually coded English">Manually coded English</a></li>

<li><a href="Manually_coded_language_in_South_Africa" title="Manually coded language in South Africa">Manually coded language in South Africa</a></li>

<li><a href="Manually_Coded_Malay" title="Manually Coded Malay">Manually Coded Malay</a></li>

<li><a href="Paget_Gorman_Sign_System" title="Paget Gorman Sign System">Paget Gorman Sign System</a></li>

<li><a href="Signed_Dutch" title="Signed Dutch">Signed Dutch</a></li>

<li><a href="Signed_French" title="Signed French">Signed French</a></li>

<li><a href="Signed_German" title="Signed German">Signed German</a></li>

<li><a href="Signed_Italian" title="Signed Italian">Signed Italian</a></li>

<li><a href="Signed_Japanese" title="Signed Japanese">Signed Japanese</a></li>

<li><a href="Signed_Polish" class="mw-redirect" title="Signed Polish">Signed Polish</a></li>

<li><a href="Signed_Spanish" title="Signed Spanish">Signed Spanish</a></li>

<li><a href="Signing_Exact_English" title="Signing Exact English">Signing Exact English</a></li>

<li><a href="Tecknad_svenska" title="Tecknad svenska">Signed Swedish</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Others</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Bilingual%E2%80%93bicultural_education" title="Bilingual–bicultural education">Bilingual–bicultural education</a></li>

<li><a href="Manually_coded_language" title="Manually coded language">Manually coded language</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table><div></div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%"><a href="Sign-language_media" title="Sign-language media">Media</a></th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li>Films (list)</li>

<li>Television shows (list)</li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Persons</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Jabbar_Baghtcheban" title="Jabbar Baghtcheban">Jabbar Baghtcheban</a></li>

<li><a href="Jeanette_Berglind" title="Jeanette Berglind">Jeanette Berglind</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Braidwood" title="Thomas Braidwood">Thomas Braidwood</a></li>

<li><a href="Laurent_Clerc" title="Laurent Clerc">Laurent Clerc</a></li>

<li><a href="Roger_Fouts" title="Roger Fouts">Roger Fouts</a></li>

<li><a href="Valerie_Sutton" title="Valerie Sutton">Valerie Sutton</a></li>

<li><a href="Thomas_Hopkins_Gallaudet" title="Thomas Hopkins Gallaudet">Thomas Gallaudet</a></li>

<li><a href="Roch-Ambroise_Cucurron_Sicard" title="Roch-Ambroise Cucurron Sicard">Abbé Sicard</a></li>

<li><a href="William_Stokoe" title="William Stokoe">William Stokoe</a></li>

<li><a href="Pierre_P%C3%A9lissier" title="Pierre Pélissier">Pierre Pélissier</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Organisations</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-even" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Association_of_Visual_Language_Interpreters_of_Canada" title="Association of Visual Language Interpreters of Canada">Association of Visual Language Interpreters of Canada</a></li>

<li><a href="International_Center_on_Deafness_and_the_Arts" title="International Center on Deafness and the Arts">International Center on Deafness and the Arts</a></li>

<li><a href="Mimics_and_Gesture_Theatre" title="Mimics and Gesture Theatre">Mimics and Gesture Theatre</a></li>

<li><a href="World_Association_of_Sign_Language_Interpreters" title="World Association of Sign Language Interpreters">World Association of Sign Language Interpreters</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr><tr><th scope="row" class="navbox-group" style="width:1%">Miscellaneous</th><td class="navbox-list-with-group navbox-list navbox-odd" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="Baby_sign_language" title="Baby sign language">Baby sign language</a></li>

<li><a href="Chimpanzee_and_Human_Communication_Institute" title="Chimpanzee and Human Communication Institute">CHCI chimpanzee center</a> (<a href="Washoe_(chimpanzee)" title="Washoe (chimpanzee)">Washoe</a>, <a href="Loulis" title="Loulis">Loulis</a>)</li>

<li><a href="Hand_signaling_(open_outcry)" title="Hand signaling (open outcry)">Open Outcry</a></li>

<li><a href="Legal_recognition_of_sign_languages" title="Legal recognition of sign languages">Legal recognition</a></li>

<li><a href="U.S._Army_hand_and_arm_signals" title="U.S. Army hand and arm signals">U.S. Army hand and arm signals </a></li>

<li><a href="Monastic_sign_languages" title="Monastic sign languages">Monastic sign languages</a></li>

<li><a href="Tactile_signing" title="Tactile signing">Tactile signing</a></li>

<li><a href="Protactile" title="Protactile">Protactile</a></li>

</div></td></tr><tr><td class="navbox-abovebelow" colspan="2" style="text-align:left"><div><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_note_a"><b><a href="#ref_note_a">^a</a></b></span> Sign-language names reflect the region of origin. Natural sign languages are not related to the spoken language used in the same region. For example, French Sign Language originated in France, but is not related to French. Conversely, <a href="American_Sign_Language" title="American Sign Language">ASL</a> and <a href="British_Sign_Language" title="British Sign Language">BSL</a> both originated in English-speaking countries but are not related to each other; ASL however is related to <a href="French_Sign_Language" title="French Sign Language">French Sign Language</a>.

<p><span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_note_b"><b><a href="#ref_note_b">^b</a></b></span> Denotes the number (if known) of languages within the family. No further information is given on these languages.

</p>

<span class="citation wikicite" id="endnote_note_c"><b><a href="#ref_note_c">^c</a></b></span> <i>Italics</i> indicate <a href="Extinct_language" title="Extinct language">extinct languages</a>.</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div>

<div class="navbox-styles"></div><div role="navigation" class="navbox" aria-labelledby="Writing_systems_for_sign_languages34" style="padding:3px"><table class="nowraplinks mw-collapsible expanded navbox-inner" style="border-spacing:0;background:transparent;color:inherit"><tbody><tr><th scope="col" class="navbox-title" colspan="2"><div id="Writing_systems_for_sign_languages34" style="font-size:114%;margin:0 4em">Writing systems for sign languages</div></th></tr><tr><td colspan="2" class="navbox-list navbox-odd hlist" style="width:100%;padding:0"><div style="padding:0 0.25em">

<ul><li><a href="ASL-phabet" title="ASL-phabet">ASL-phabet</a></li>

<li><a href="ASLwrite" title="ASLwrite">ASLwrite</a></li>

<li><a href="Hamburg_Notation_System" title="Hamburg Notation System">Hamburg Notation System</a></li>

<li><a href="Stokoe_notation" title="Stokoe notation">Stokoe notation</a></li></ul>

</div></td></tr></tbody></table></div></div><div><div class="zim-footer">

This article is issued from <a class="external text" title="Last edited on 2025-08-08" href="https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/?title=SignWriting&oldid=1304786990">Wikipedia</a>. The text is available under <a class="external text" href="https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0/deed.en">Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0</a> unless otherwise noted. Additional terms may apply for the media files.

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